Imperial Presidents
William McKinley (1896 - 1901)
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Theodore Roosevelt (1901 - 1908)
William Howard Taft (1909 - 1912)
Woodrow Wilson (1913 - 1920)
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Involved with Span, Cuba, Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico, and China.
China
Open Door Policy
Wanted equal rights among countries that were trading with China. The U.S wanted free trade in China and didn't want any colonies there. (page 223)
Spain
The cartoon shows the U.S holding the key to opening the doors to China. Surrounding Uncle Sam is other countries like Japan because the open door policy allowed all countries to trade with China while all having the same privileges.
Spanish - American War
The U.S was in favor of Cuba for winning their independence against Spain. The people in the U.S blamed Spain for blowing up one of their battleships, the Maine after it was sent to Cuba to help protect the U.S citizens there. What set the Americans off the most was when the Cuban rebels exposed a letter from a Spain ambassador, Enrique Dupy de Lome which showed him calling President McKinley a "weak and stupid politician." (page 215)
The United States had begun war with the Spanish and finally in December 1898, they signed the Treaty of Paris. In return in ending the war, the U.S received Puerto Rico, Cuba, and Guam from Spain. (page 218)
Guam
Puerto Rico
Philippines
Bought the island from Spain for $20 million. (page 218)
Hawaii
Cuba
He was in favor of having Hawaii annexed. In 1898, after the start of the Spanish-American War, The United states made Hawaii an official U.S territory. (page 213)
These photos had a big influence on the U.S public's relationship with the Spain because looking at these graphic photos made the Americans upset about the incident. It also helped the public believe that the Spanish were to be blamed for the Maine incident because since the ship was sent to Cuba, there was a chance the Spanish blew it up.
Involved with Japan, Russia, Cuba
Russo-Japanese War
Japan
Russia
In 1905. Russia and Japan tried to negotiate with each other for an end to the Russo- Japanese war, but it wasn't working out. Roosevelt intervened into the negation and convinced both sides to sign a peace treaty in order to end the war. (page 224)
Gentlemen Agreement
Japanese, Korean, and Chinese children were prohibited from attending school with white children. Japanese back in Japan were angry and the goal was to calm them down by passing this agreement to end the segregation policy while Japan limits it immigration to the U.S.(224)
Cuba
Platt Amendment
Goal was to restrict the rights of Cubans and the United states will have a lot of power over Cuba. For example, the United States had to give Cuba an approval if they wanted to sign a treaty with another country. (page 225)
Big stick diplomacy
A diplomacy by Roosevelt which was named by historians for a new policy on U.S action in Latin America (page 226)
Panama & Colombia
U.S tried to negotiate with the Columbian government in order to build a canal through Panama since at the time, Panama was apart of Columbia. The Colombian government demanded more for the negotiation so the U.S sent warships to Panama in order to help Panama become independent from Colombia. (page 227)
After Panama became independent, they were paid 10 million and a yearly rent of $250,000 by the U.S to build the canal. The canal allowed the U.S navy to gain control of the Pacific and Atlantic ocean. (page 226-227)
Updated Monroe Doctrine
To prevent any European nation from having a military intervention into a Latin American country if they were to commit a wrongdoing. The United States would take care of the issue instead and restore the order. (page 227)
Even though the United States helped Cuba become independent from Spain, the U.S kept control of Cuba to prevent any other country from conquering them again. With the U.S control, Cuba could not do anything freely without having to ask the U.S for permission.
Japan and Russia were fighting because they both wanted a region in China the bordered Russia. When they wanted to end the war, they couldn't find a solution and when things got heated, Roosevelt stepped in and helped them find a solution that suited them both.
In San Francisco, one of the school boards had created a segregation policy which prevented Japanese, Korean, and Chinese students from attending school with white children. The photo shows a man that looks like a teacher bowing to a white child while a Japanese child and mother in their traditional outfit are outside the school because of the segregation policy.
"Moral diplomacy"
"Dollar Diplomacy"
Goal was to spread peace through the foreign countries instead of trying to conquer them. (228)
Goal of the policy was to invest more in Central America and Caribbean businesses, mines, oil wells, etc. (228)
Countries Taft was involved with:
Countries Wilson was involved with
Haiti
Sent Marines to Haiti in order to protect American investments and also to prevent German or French aggression to Haiti. Haiti signed an agreement to the U.S for them to have the right to control their financial and foreign affairs. (page 229)
Mexico
Wilson didn't like the new leader of Mexico, General Victorian Huerta because Wilson wouldn't accept "a government of butchers." Wilson sent marines to Mexico because they arrested American soldiers. Huerta's power slowly faded away as the U.S intervention caused his government to collapse. (229)
Other nations should be self-governed (228)
To develop a friendship with Latin America. (228)
Help keep stability in Latin America
Expand economic opportunities in China
Continue to use American military in Latin America (228)
Germany
United States declared war on Germany because of World War I. (230)
Nicaragua
Sometimes he had to return to the big stick or dollar democracy. In 1909 & 1912, Taft sent troops to Nicaragua to protect the formation of the pro-American government there, (page 228)
China
Taft still wanted to maintain the open-door policy in Asia (228)
William Howard Taft was chosen by Theodore Roosevelt as the Republican Candidate for President since he shared the same goals for the foreign policy as Roosevelt. When he was elected, he relied less on Roosevelt's big stick and instead made the dollar diplomacy in order to reach his own economic goals with Asia and Latin America (228)
Farah Noorzaye