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Ecology of School - Coggle Diagram

- - - - accountability for states, school districts, & schools
      - school choice
      - LEAs (local educational agencies) more flexibility to spend federal funding
      - more emphasis: reading, ELA, math, & science
      - content standards
      - academic achievement standards
      - achievement assessments
      - 3rd Grade "Reading First Initiative"
      - AYP: adequate yearly progress
      - State Academic Achievement Awards for schools that exceed standards
    - - all kids start school ready to learn
      - competency testing (English, math, science, history, & geography) grades 4, 8, & 12
      - American students - 1st in science & math
      - All American adults = literate
      - American schools free of drugs & violence
    - - based on "Ready or Not: Creating a High School Diploma that Counts
      - voluntary
      - Current standards as of 2010: ELA & math
      - Not yet: science & social studies
  - - - Effects on students
        
        long-term cognitive impairment
        
        lack of motivation & self-discipline
        
        reduced school attendance
        
        antisocial / violent behavior
      - What schools can do
        
        provide info on harmful effects
        
        collaboration w/parents & community
        
        services: identification, assessment, referral to treatment
        
        monitoring, guidelines, penalties
        
        random drug tests
    - - Outcomes
        
        weight-related conditions
        
        risk factors for heart disease
        
        social & psychological problems
        
        increased likelihood of adult obesity
      - Important role of schools
        
        95% kids enrolled in school
        
        PE & healthy eating long term components
        
        school programs
        
        connection between academic performance & health
      - school components
        
        health education
        
        physical education
        
        health services
        
        nutrition services
        
        counseling & social services
        
        healthy environment
        
        family & community involvment
        
        promote healthy staff
    - - Risk Factors for likelihood to commit violent acts
        
        Individual Risk factors
        
        history of victimization
        
        ADHD or learning disorders
        
        early aggressive behavior
        
        association w/delinquent peers
        
        gang involvement
        
        drug, alcohol, tobacco use
        
        low IQ
        
        poor academic performance
        
        low school commitment / school failure
        
        poor behavioral control
        
        social, cognitive, processing deficits
        
        high emotional stress
        
        anti social beliefs / attitudes
        
        social rejection
        
        family conflict / violence
        
        lack of involvement
        
        Relationship risk factors
        
        harsh, lax, inconsistent discipline
        
        low parental involvement
        
        poor attachment
        
        low parental education & income
        
        parental substance abuse or criminality
        
        poor family functioning
        
        poor monitoring & supervision
        
        Community / Societal risk factors
        
        low economic opportunity
        
        high concentration poor residents
        
        high transiency
        
        high family disruption
        
        low community participation
        
        socially disorganized neighborhoods
      - Ecological system measures to help
        
        Macrosystem: government
        
        implement laws
        
        increase law enforcement
        
        funding for preventative programs
        
        Exosystem: businesses
        
        provide jobs
        
        financial assistance to impoverished communities
        
        role models for youth
        
        support schools
        
        Mesosystem
        
        family/school link: collaboration to create safe school environment
        
        community/family link: support services
        
        Microsystem: school
        
        anger management / conflict resolution curriculum
        
        Parent classes
        
        behavior standards & consequences
        
        teacher training: intervening & diversity
        
        More responsive to bullying & social outcasts
        
        Students taught empathy & to respect diversity
    - - Hazards to plan for
        
        natural disasters
        
        severe weather
        
        fires
        
        chemical spills
        
        bus crashes
        
        school shooting
        
        bomb threat
        
        medical emergency
        
        terrorism
        
        disease outbreak
        
        student / staff death
      - Phases of crisis management
        
        1.) Mitigation/prevention: risk management
        
        2.) Preparedness: plan for worst-case
        
        3.) Response: steps during a crisis
        
        4.) Recovery: restore learning & teaching environment
- - - - environment that fosters learning
        
        Educational TV
        
        Preschool
      - high academic expectations (realistic)
      - school involvement
        
        decision making
        
        partnership
        
        participation
        
        voting
        
        communication
      - healthy start
        
        nourished
        
        protected / secure
        
        language development
    - - Consensus on goals
      - Socialization goal collaboration
      - direct interaction
  - - - parks & playgrounds
      - museums
      - libraries
      - zoos
    - - donating resources & time
      - field trips
      - guest speakers
      - apprenticeships
      - family-friendly work policies
      - employee childcare
- - - - Mastery of skills & processes (reading, writing, math, communication, etc...
      - Intellectual development
    - - Interpersonal understanding
      - Citizenship
      - Enculturation
      - Moral & ethical character
    - - Emotional & physical well-being
      - Creative expression
      - Self-realization
- - - - Children in poverty: lower % for white & Asian
      - 2nd Language at home: higher % for Hispanic & Asian
      - Reading above proficient: higher % for Asian & white
      - Math above proficient: higher % for Asian
      - Receiving financial aid: lower % for Asian
  - - - Disability: reduction of function / absence of body part
      - Impairment: physical damage / deterioration
      - Handicap: disadvantage / hinderance (no longer used)
    - - 4 Stages of attitudes
        
        Pre-Christian era: banished, neglected, mistreated
        
        Spread of Christianity: protected & pitied
        
        18th & 19th Centuries: Institutionalized
        
        Late 20th Century: accepted & integrated into society
      - Handicapism: deferential / unequal treatment
    - - Provisions
        
        parental choice
        
        academic accountability for student progress
        
        transition services (after high school)
        
        nondiscriminatory evaluations
      - Individualized Education Plan IEP
        
        present level of educational performance
        
        annual goals / short-term objectives
        
        services to be provided
        
        required transition services (high school)
        
        criteria for meeting objectives
      - L.R.E. - least restrictive environment