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BUILDING INFORMATION SYSTEMS, Fadhila Abidah 09111840000092 Business…
BUILDING INFORMATION SYSTEMS
New systems produce organizational change
Systems development & organizational change
Automation
assists employees with performing their tasks more efficiently and effectively
Rationalization of procedures
to streamline SOP because automation often reveals new bottlenecks
Business process redesign
reorganizes workflows, combining steps to cut waste and eliminate repetitive, paper-intensive tasks
Paradigm shift.
Rethinking the nature of the business and organization
Business process redesign
using business process managements
Identify processes for change.
Determining what business processes are the most important and how improving these processes will help business performance
Analyze existing processes
to identify redundant steps, paper-intensive tasks, bottlenecks, and other inefficiencies
Design the new process.
Process design team will try to improve the process by designing a new one, which will then be documented and modeled for comparison with the old process
Implementing the new process.
Process that has been modeled and analyzed must be translated into new set of procedures and work rules
Continuous measurement.
Processes may deteriorate over time or lose their effectiveness as business experiences other changes
BPM Tools
e.g. IBM, Oracle, TIBCO
Help business identify and document processes requiring improvement
Create models of improved processes
Capture and enforce business rules for performing processes
Integrate existing systems to support new or redesigned processes
Core activities in systems development
Systems analysis
Definition.
Analysis of a problem that a firm tries to solve with an IS
Process:
Define problem
Identify causes
Specify solutions
Identify info requirements
incl.
feasibility study
to determine whether solution is feasible/achievable from a financial, technical, and organizational standpoint
Establishing information requirements
Information requirements of a new system involve identifying who needs what info, where, when, and how
Process:
Define objectives of the new/modified system and develop a detailed description of the functions that the new system must perform
Faulty requirement analysis causes systems failure and high system development cause
Some problems may only need adjustment in management, additional training, or refinement of existing organizational procedures
Systems design
Definition.
Shows how the system will fulfill information requirements, the details of the system specifications that will deliver the functions identified during systems analysis
Role of end users.
Users must have sufficient control over design process to ensure system reflects business priorities and information needs, not the biases of the technical staff
Completing systems developments process
Programming.
System specifications that were prepared during the design stage are translated into software program code
Alternative: Purchase software
Testing.
Will the system produce the desired results under known conditions?
Test plan.
All the preparations for a series of tests
Unit testing
or program testing consists of testing each program separately in the system
System testing
tests the functioning of the IS as a whole
Acceptance testing.
Provides final certification that system is ready to be used in a production setting
Conversion.
Process of changing from the old system to the new
Parallel strategy.
Both old and its potential replacement are run together for a time until everyone is assured that the new one functions correctly
Safest approach, but very expensive
Direct cutover strategy.
Replaces old system entirely with the new system on an appointed day
Very risky approach
Pilot study strategy.
Introduces new system to only a limited area of the org. If it works smoothly, it gets installed through the whole organization, either simultaneously or in stages
Phased approach strategy.
Introduces the new system in stages, either by function or by org units
Production and maintenance
After the new system is installed and conversion is complete, the system is said to be in
production
System will be reviewed by both users and technical specialists
In some cases, a formal
post-implementation audit
document is prepared
Maintenance.
Changes in hardware, software, documentation, or procedures to a production system to correct errors, meet new requirements, or improve processing efficiently
Methodologies for modeling and designing systems
Structured methodologies.
Top down, from the general to the specific
Data flow diagram
offers logical graphic model of info flow, partitioning a system into modules that show manageable levels of detail
Data dictionary
contains info about individual pieces of data and data grouping within a system
Structure chart.
A top-down chart, showing each level of design, its relationship to other levels, and its place in the overall design structure
Object-oriented development.
Based on the concepts of class and inheritance; object belonging to a certain class have the features of that class
Computer-aided software engineering (CASE).
Provides software tools to automate the moethodologies to reduce the amount of repetitive work the developer needs to do
Alternative methods
Traditional systems life cycle
Prototyping.
Working version of an IS or part of the system, but is meant only as a preliminary model
Steps:
Identify user's basic requirements
Develop an initial prototype
Use the prototype
Revise and enhance prototype
(+)
Most useful when there is uncertainty about requirements/design solutions
(-)
Rapid prototyping can gloss over essential steps in systems development
End-user development
allows end users to create simple IS, reducing the time and steps required to produce a finished application
App software packages, software services, & outsourcing
e.g. Oracle Cloud Platform, Microsoft Office, Office 365
Outsourcing
Domestic:
Driven primarily by outsourcing firms' skills, resources, and assets
Offshore:
Decision is much more cost-driven
New approaches
Rapid application development.
Process of creating workable systems in a very short period of time with some flexibility to adapt as a project evolves
Joint application design.
Used to accelerate the generation of information requirements and to develop the initial systems design
Agile development
focuses on rapid delivery of working software by breaking a large project into a series of small subprojects that are completed in short periods of time using iteration and continuous feedback
DevOps
emphasizes close collab between software developers who create app and IT ops staff who run and maintain the app
Native app.
A standalone application designed to run on a specific platform and device; directly installed on a mobile device
Fadhila Abidah
09111840000092
Business Information Systems Q