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Anthrax [Bacillus anthracis] - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Blood from orifice
        
        Non-clotting
      - Absence of rigor mortis
      - Sudden death - lethal factor
        
        Low spore count needed
    - - Anthrax on property
      - Anthrax belt location
    - - Septicaemia
        
        High spore count needed
      - Local oedema - Oedema factor
        
        Pharyngeal region
        
        Local lymph drainage
        
        Dysphagia; asphyxiation
      - Intestinal form
        
        Enteritis + mesenteric lymphadenitis
        
        Upper GIT necrosis
    - - Localised oedema
      - Enteritis (diarrhoea) + colic
      - <susceptible than :cow2:
  - - - Dead animal <48hr
        
        100% sesitivity
      - Gram and capsule stain
        
        Encapsulated G+ve rods
    - - Pathology lab
    - - Localised fluid
        
        Lymph nodes
- - - - Phagocytosis resistance
      - Ab non-protective
    - - Protective Ag
        
        Intracellular invasion
      - Oedema factor
        
        Adenylate cyclase
        
        Extracellular Fluid + electrolyte release
      - Lethal factor
        
        Hyper-responsive macrophages
        
        IL-1, TNF, IL-6
        
        Inflammatory cascade
        
        Causes death
  - - - Breaks in epithelium
        
        Invade mucous membranes
      - Excretions seed area
- - - - Away from :potable_water: sources
        
        Formaldehyde
  - - - Isolation
      - Disinfecting
        
        Chemical disinfectants
        
        Sustained High concentrations
        
        Boiling, prolonged dry heat
    - - 3 years after diagnosis
      - Moderate protection
      - Cost prohibitive - requires authorisation :money_with_wings:
  - - - Fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, streptomycin, erythromycin
  - - - :red_cross: internalisation /activation of Oedema + Lethal Factor
- - - - Aerobic conditions
        
        High temperature :fire: ; moist conditions
        
        Heavy rain :droplet: following drought
        
        Lack of other soil-living bacteria
      - Source
        
        Animal / animal products
        
        Carcass disposal
        
        Soil (alkaline)
        
        "Anthrax Belt" - NSW and VIC
        
        Flooding, excavation, earthworms
  - - - Only form observed in Aus
    - - Haemorrhagic enteritis