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HISTORY AUTUMN EXAM - Coggle Diagram
HISTORY AUTUMN EXAM
Women's rights
In 1928, Women were finally given the vote in England. New Zealand were the first country in the world to allow men and women to vote, this was in 1893.
The London school of medicine for women opened up in 1874. London university was the first to award degrees to women in 1878.
In 1839, the infant custody act was made. This meant that a judge would allow women to have custody of her children under that age of 7 and access to older children but full and equal access was not granted until 1925
In 1858, the matrimonial causes act allowed women to get a divorce from there husbands without having the special act of parliament first. A man could get a divorce if he could prove his wife was unfaithful but a women had to prove there husband was unfaithful and had committed rape, incest, bigamy or cruelty.
The matrimonial causes act in 1858 also allowed women to keep some of there property including inheritance and earnings in the case of a divorce.
Working class women mainly worked as servants. In 1891 there were 1,386,167 women employed as servants in Britain. Upper class women would not work and some less well-off middle class women could only find respectable work as a governess (teacher).
Africa
During the rule of the the British empire, the British wanted control over Africa because they had lots of natural resources such as diamonds.
When Britain took over Africa, they cut there trade route by almost half. Rather than going all the way around Africa, through the Atlantic, they could create a canal through some of Africa meaning they could use a direct route to get to places like India.
When Britain captured and claimed Africa, they did help the continent by, for example, laying telegraph lines throughout Africa which allowed Africans to communicate quickly and efficiently.
The British navy helped stop slavery in Africa and helped abolish the slave trade but this was not entirely good because the British did in fact create the slave trade in Africa but I was good that is was gone.
Many men, like Cecil Rhodes, made their fortune from the empire. Rhodes moved to Africa and was involved in illegally mining resources such as diamonds. His company was selling 90% of diamonds at the time.
Victorian children
Victorian children were treated very badly if they committed a crime. Before Victorian times there was no distinction between criminals of different ages.
Young children were allowed to be sent to an adult prison. Victorian’s could see that locking children up with adult criminals was not going to help them lead an honest life in the future but they also believed in stiff punishments.
In 1854, Reformatory schools were set up for young offenders under 16 years of age. These were very like adult prisons, with strict discipline in place and enforced by frequent beatings.
Young people were often sent to these schools for long sentences (usually several years), however, a young offender would normally still begin there sentence with a brief time in adult prison.
Example PEE
another reason living in the British Empire in the 19th century was beneficial is because of the trade that the British had; such as how we could import spices, cotton and dye from India; and after much debate, we could import diamonds and jewels from Africa. Meaning we had many more possessions for trade. this meant that we got more land, and money.
However on the other hand there were many reasons why living in Britain during the 19th century was not beneficial such as how women were still discriminated against and seen as an object, and the inferior gender. giving men the right to take women's property, money and children. They also had the right to beat and rape there wives and if taken to court was given the upper hand as women would have to prove that their husband had been unfaithful and that they had committed rape, incest, bigamy or cruelty. This then sadly influenced women in future generations that they were the mens "property".
living in the British empire during the 19th century was a truly awful experience for many people. on the other hand, many found it was an enlightening and beneficial experience. it will be argued in this answer that it was a beneficial experience due to the countless inventors of that time, such as Isambard Kingdom Brunels fantastic inventions like the Suspension Bridge and the SS Great Britain, which was the first ever metal hulled ship which was incredibly strong ; Brunels inventions are some of Bristol's greatest landmark. these inventions, as well as many others, showed how Britain's technology and architecture was beyond others.
Brunel
Successes
During the Crimean war, Brunel helped make a temporary hospital (known as the ‘prefabricated’ hospitals) which Florence nightingale used to help soldiers. This invention could have arguably saved lives.
The box tunnel (located just outside of bath) was the longest railway tunnel ever built at the time at 1.83 miles long.
In 1833 Brunel was appointed the chief engineer of the great western railway (GWR). He surveyed the entire length of the rail way from London to Bristol which opened up the West Country to rail.
The Clifton suspension bridge had the longest span of any bridge at the time (210m). It’s construction began in 1830 but was stopped in 1831 due to riots in Bristol. The construction was started again in 1862 and was completed 5 years after the death of Brunel (8 December 1864).
Brunel’s next ship was the SS Great Britain, built in 1846. It was the first ever metal hulled ship and was incredibly strong. Because of the ship being so strong and mainly made out of metal, in meant that it was very expensive to build and incredibly heavy.
Failures
Brunel’s third ship was going to be the SS Great Eastern and was designed to travel from London to Sydney and back without refueling. It cost a fortune auto start to build and when there was no demand for passenger travel, lots of investors lost loads of money. The great eastern was used for laying cables down under the Atlantic. There were many problems with construction which caused Brunel to have severe stress. Soon after, he died of a stroke, and many scientists believe that the stress might have caused or contributed to his death.
Victorian politics
Victorian politics was more "nanny state" than lassez faire, meaning that the government was very involved because they created a selection of laws which helped poor people; an example would be the education act of 1881 which meant that all primary schools were free and mandatory. giving people a better education.
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the women's rights were horrific during the reign of queen Victoria; women and everything they worked for, including their money, children and property all legally belonged to her husband, giving the women absolutely no rights of any sort