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LEARNING THEORIES - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Used animals to discover the principles of learning based on natural reflexes that respond to stimuli.
      - Pavlov demonstrated classical conditioning, in which an association is created between two stimuli
    - - Skinner's operant conditioning demonstrated that associations are formed between a behavior and a consequence
      - Organisms emit responses, which are shaped by consequences. Eg:If a response has a reward, it is more likely to occur again and if it does not, it is less likely to occur
- - - - Developed the concept of the advance organizer (information that is presented prior to learning) and researched how use of advance organizers can scaffold the learning of new information
    - - Proposed nine events of learning that correspond with specific cognitive processes
      - Nine events that provide the conditions of learning and define the intellectual skills to be learned, as well as the sequence of instruction
- - - - View of Knowledge
        
        Knowledge is actively constructed by learners based on pre-existing cognitive structures
        
        Focus on the individual characteristics or attributes of the learner and their impact on learning
      - View of learning
        
        Active assimilation and accommodation of new information to existing cognitive structures.
        
        Discovery by learners is emphasized
    - - View of Knowledge
        
        Knowledge is constructed within social contexts through interactions with a knowledge community.
        
        Focus on how meaning and understanding are created through SOCIAL INTERACTION
      - View of Learning
        
        Integration of students into a knowledge community. Collaborative assimilation and accommodation of new information.
  - - - Knowledge cannot be simply transmitted to a person but must be constructed through experience
      - Piaget believed that learning is based on interaction with the environment around us
    - - Learning could not be separated from the social context