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LEARNING THEORIES - Coggle Diagram
LEARNING THEORIES
Behaviorism
View of the knowledge:
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Knowledge that is not actively presented means that it is the knowledge capacity that is possessed and released when needed.
View of the learner:
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The key elements need to be observed by the learners is the stimulus, response and the connection between them.
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List of scholar:
Edward Thorndike
-First behavioural psychologist, study on how cats were able to escape locked box which was then called connectionism.
John Watson
- Founding father of behaviorism, his experiments shows that a baby doesn't react to the neutral stimulus but reacts to unconditional stimulus.
Ivan Pavlov
- Psychologist who discovered that a undiscovered stimulus would provoke unconditioned response, he also classified classical conditioned into four stages known as acquisition, extinction, generalisation and discrimination.
B.F.Skinner
Ideas of his predecessors by subjecting animals and humans to a series of experiments to develop the concept he termed radical behaviorism, They would begin to press the lever again and again to receive more rewards. Skinner referred to this as positive reinforcement.
Cognitivism
View of learner:
Addressing the ways information is received, organized, stored and retrieved by the mind.
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View of knowledge:
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Cognitive knowledge comprises of active learning and experience derived from past learning experiences.
Therefore, each learner have different cognitive development, personal history and experiences.
This makes the conclusion made by every person is different and transforming then to new experience.
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List of scholar:
Jean Piaget
Piaget’s theory states the children actively construct their understanding of the world and go through stages of cognitive development
Vygotsky
Cognitive skills are mediated by words, language, and forms of discourse which serve as psychological tools for facilitating and transforming mental activity.
McLeod Bruner
Cognitive growth involves interaction between basic human capabilities and culturally invented technologies that serves as amplifiers of these capabilities.
Constructivism
View of knowledge:
learners construct knowledge for themselves each learner individually (and socially) constructs meaning as he or she learns
There is no knowledge independent of the meaning attributed to experience (constructed) by the learner, or community of learners.
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The point is that knowledge is determined by social and political factors in addition to logic and reason.
View if learning:
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Constructivist view of learning comes from studies of the application of study skills to help students improve their ability to learn
Constructivists in education promote a setof mandates that favor one view of knowledge(constructivism) over another (realism)
Constructivists say instruction should promote learn-ing that involves world making rather than worldmirroring, creating rather than finding, focusing onactivities rather than on things and substances
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List of scholar:
Lev Vygotsky
Constructivism derives from his theories about language, thought, and their mediation by society
John Dewey
Education depended on action–knowledge and ideas emerge only from a situation in which learners have to draw out experiences that have meaning and importance to them.
Jean Piaget
Adaptation is a process of assimilation and accommodation, where external events are assimilated into existing understanding, but unfamiliar events, which don't fit with existing knowledge, are accommodated into the mind, thereby changing its organization