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THE KINETIC MODEL OF MATTER - Coggle Diagram
THE KINETIC MODEL OF MATTER
STATES OF MATTER
solid
: occupies a fixed volume and has a fixed shape
liquid
: occupies a fixed volume and takes the shape of its container
gas
: expands to fill its container and takes its shape
Changes of state
melting
: from solid to liquid
boiling
or
evaporation
: from liquid to gas
condensing
: from gas to liquid
freezing
: from liquid to solid
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When a substance is heated, its particles start to vibrate more and more strongly until some of the bonds are broken
The particles of solids and liquids stick together because there are
attractive forces
(or
bonds
) between them
FORCES AND THE KINETIC THEORY
THE KINETIC MODEL OF MATTER
kinetic model of matter
= related to the movement of particles
Arrangements of particles
solid
: the particles are packed closely together and are in close contact with their neighbours; they cannot move around, they can only vibrate about a fixed position
liquid
: the particles are slightly less tightly packed than in a solid and they can move around
gas
: the particles are wide separated from one another, they are no longer in contact and they can move freely about
Brownian motion
Robert Brown observed the behavior of some grains of dust in the water and noticed them jiggling about.
It happens because the moving particles are constantly buffeted by the fast-moving particles of the air.
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GASES AND THE KINETIC THEORY
Gay-Lussac's law
For a gas, temperature and pressure are directly proportional. As the temperature of a gas goes up, its pressure goes down. As the temperature of a gas goes down, its pressure goes down.
Gay-Lussac
estabilished a gas law describing the relationship between temperature and pressure.
Gay-Lussac's law
: when the volume and the amount of gas are constant, pressure and temperature are directly proportional
P₁/T₁ = P₂/T₂
Boyle's law
For a gas, pressure and volume are inversely proportional. As the pressure on a gas goes up, its volume goes down. As the volumes a gas occupies goes up, its pressure goes down.
Robert Boyle
stated the inverse relationship between pressure and volume as a gas law.
Boyle's law
: for a given amount of gas, at fixed temperature, pressure and volume are inversely proportional.
P₁V₁ = P₂V₂