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IPPC - Coggle Diagram

- - - - 1998: Changed to IPPC
        
        Production/Recovery/Processing/Use of ferrous metals (With total capacity>5 tonnes)
        
        Pressing/Drawing/Stamping of large casting >500 square meters
        
        Rearing of pigs in installations, whether within the same complex or within 100m of that complex. (Capacity 6000units-7000units.)
        (1 pig = 1 unit)
        (1 sow = 10 units)
        
        Processing of asbestos and manufacture of asbestos-based products
        
        Production of Industrial Diamonds
    - - 2014: Came into force in Ireland
        
        Large Industrial Plant
  - - - Production of Inorganic, Organic Polymers, Pharma, Paints, Varnishes, Pesticides, Veterinary products etc...
  - - - Notice of intention to apply for licence
      - Erects site notice
      - Notify Planning Authority
    - - EPA assess application
      - Board makes a decision
    - - Objections made: EPA makes assessments
      - After assessments/objections, final determination is published (FD)
- - - - Waste water emissions
        
        Process waste water
        
        Pipe that goes out of facility into main sewer
        
        Where all parameters are monitored
        
        Point source emission
        
        Cooling water
        
        Run off water
        
        May have deposits from storage, air emissions, spillages
        
        Some monitoring required
        
        From roofs and hard core surfaces such as drive ways
  - - - Fugitive emissions: Charging/ discharging of:
        
        Reactants
        
        Solvents
        
        Reactions
        
        Crystallisations
        
        Phase separations
        
        Filtrations
        
        Distillation
        
        Product Washing
      - Point source emissions:
        
        Fume hoods and extraction system
    - - Point sources
        
        Each parameter should be monitored
        
        How its monitored
        
        Analyses method used
      - Ambient monitoring
        
        Monitoring of quality of air or water in a particular area
      - Best available technology is used to eliminate or reduce emission
        
        Example: Exhaust Gas Recirculation technology reduces NOx emissions
      - Control systems
        
        Treatment
        
        Abatement
        
        How you will control emissions
    - - Required to be listed and quantified
        
        Ancillary materials
        
        Substances
        
        Raw materials
        
        Preparations
        
        Fuels and energy usage
        
        Packaging
    - - Seveso Directive(Major Accidents Hazard)
        
        List of chemicals considered to be hazardous
        
        Can only store a certain amount of chemicals on site
        
        Otherwise a licence is required based off Seveso 3
        
        Resulted from an incident in Seveso, Italy where dioxins were released into the atmosphere
        
        According to Seveso 3, the public must be informed about what plants are producing
        
        After use sites should be returned to previous condition
  - - - Contaminant go through the ground into aquifer resulting in a major issue
        
        Testing for contamination
        
        Bore holes drilled and sample is pumped to the surface
        
        Contamination level is determined using GC/MS
        
        Commonly analysed for VOCs and Chlorinated solvents
        
        Chlorinated solvents don't break down
        
        Contamination due to agriculture land spreading of sludge
        
        Directive 2006/11/EC
        
        Member states are to eliminate pollution pollution of substances in list I and reduce pollution of substances in list II
        
        List I
        
        8 more items...
        
        List II
        
        9 more items...
        
        Problem because aquifers are used as wells
        
        Contamination of large aquifers could effect people in a large region
        
        Problem is worsened in areas with limescale such as the West of Ireland
      - New sites would not have any previous industrial activities
        
        Unlikely of having groundwater contamination
  - - - Major Solvent emissions
      - Waste Incineration
      - Large Combustion Plant
    - - Mineral Industry
      - Production and Processing of metals
      - Chemical Industry
      - Waste Management
      - Energy
    - - Waste industry licence moved from LA to EPA - IED liscence
- - - - The best method of production
      - The best monitoring and abatement technology
      - Designed to prevent/reduce emissions and their
        impact on the environment
    - - List of techniques that can be applied for certain techniques
      - environmental performance levels that can be achieved when applying the technique
        
        Perfromance levels can serve as emission benchmarks which can be used for defining environmental objectives
    - - Comparable processes, facilities or methods of operation which have been trwith success on an industrial scale
      - Technological advances and changes in scientific knowledge and understanding
      - Furthering of recovery and recycling of sucstances generated or used in the process and of waste
      - The nature, effects and volume of emissions
      - Use of less hazardous substances
      - The commisioning datesfor new or existing installations
      - Use of low waste technology
      - Length of time needed to introduce the technique
      - Consumption and nature of raw materials (including water) used in the process
        and energy efficiency
      - Information published by public international organisation
      - Need to prevent accidents and to minimise the consequences for the
        environmen
      - The need to prevent or reduce to a minimum the overall impact of the emissions
        on the environment and the risks to it
  - - - Provide basis for BAT
        
        Special Technical groups (EU wide) collates information from the sector to all estimated consumptions and emissions
        
        Estimate then used in BAT conclusions and determines what newtechniques/technologies should be used
    - - ELVs
      - Monitoring methods
      - Best Available Techniques
        
        Techniques to consider in determination of BAT
      - Capacities and consumptions of industries
      - Types of industry in sector
      - Current emission and consumption levels
      - Applied processes and techniques
        
        Prevention and minimising
        
        Management and treatment of waste streams
  - - - Best abatemnet technology
      - Best method of a production from an environmental standpoint
      - What limits are allowed