Basic Anatomy and Physiology
Chapter 1

Definition

Anatomy
-study of structure of organism

Anatomy

Macroscopic Anatomy
-can be seen by naked eyes

Microscopic Anatomy
-can be seen by using microscope only

Physiology
-study of function and mechanism of a system of organism

Anatomical Position

Anterior=ventral =front of body
Posterior=dorsal=back of body

superior=above or towards the head
inferior=below or towards the feet

describe when 2 point on the same limb

Proximal=closer to where arm or leg insert to the body
Distal= further away from where arm or leg insert to the body

Medial=closer to the midline
Lateral=further from the midline

Plane

Sagittal plane=lengthwise cut

Frontal plane =sideways cut

tranverse plane=horizontal cut

oblique plane=oblique angle

Body cavities

Dorsal Cavity

Cranial Cavity

Spinal Cavity

Ventral Cavity

Thoraic Cavity

Abdominopelvic Cavity

Pleural cavity(lung)

Pericadial cavity (heart)

Homeostasis

Homeostasis Regulation

Feedback

Autoregulation= in response to environmental change
✏Dilation of blood vessel

Extrinsic regulation= Results from activities of nervous system and endocrine system
✏Increase of heart rate by nerve system

Negative feedback = opposes or negates the original stimulus
✅ osmoregulation

stimulus -> receptors -> control center -> effector -> responce

Mechanism

Positive feedback = accelerates or enchances the original change
✅ blood clotting

Definition

Existence of stable internal environment