Basic Anatomy and Physiology
Chapter 1
Definition
Anatomy
-study of structure of organism
Anatomy
Macroscopic Anatomy
-can be seen by naked eyes
Microscopic Anatomy
-can be seen by using microscope only
Physiology
-study of function and mechanism of a system of organism
Anatomical Position
Anterior=ventral =front of body
Posterior=dorsal=back of body
superior=above or towards the head
inferior=below or towards the feet
describe when 2 point on the same limb
Proximal=closer to where arm or leg insert to the body
Distal= further away from where arm or leg insert to the body
Medial=closer to the midline
Lateral=further from the midline
Plane
Sagittal plane=lengthwise cut
Frontal plane =sideways cut
tranverse plane=horizontal cut
oblique plane=oblique angle
Body cavities
Dorsal Cavity
Cranial Cavity
Spinal Cavity
Ventral Cavity
Thoraic Cavity
Abdominopelvic Cavity
Pleural cavity(lung)
Pericadial cavity (heart)
Homeostasis
Homeostasis Regulation
Feedback
Autoregulation= in response to environmental change
✏Dilation of blood vessel
Extrinsic regulation= Results from activities of nervous system and endocrine system
✏Increase of heart rate by nerve system
Negative feedback = opposes or negates the original stimulus
✅ osmoregulation
stimulus -> receptors -> control center -> effector -> responce
Mechanism
Positive feedback = accelerates or enchances the original change
✅ blood clotting
Definition
Existence of stable internal environment