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Population Genetics and Evolution - Coggle Diagram
Population Genetics and Evolution
Population Genetics
Factors that Cause the Gene Pool to Change
Accidents
no control over things like glaciel movement
meteorite hitting Earth
organism cannot adapt
has effect on gene frequency
many possible effects on gene prevalence
Mutations
constantly occur
magnitude of effect is dependent on size of gene pool
Artificial Selection
human manipulation
e.g. choosing for sweeter apples
Natural Selection
most important driving force
I know a lot about this
Factors that Are Not Part of Natural Selection
llist of things that are not part of natural selection
purpose
intention
planning
voluntary decision making
Situations in which Natural Selection Does Not Operate
cannot occur when population is genetically identical
cannot occur when there is no time to adapt
things must die for natural selection to occur
Multiple Selection Pressures
the more pressures the more specific alleles that are chosen
the abundance of different alleles within a population and the manner in which the abundance of a particular allele increases, decreases, or remains the same with time
gene pool= all the alleles in a breeding population
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Rates of Evolution
can occur rapidly, within a few generations
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often occurs over millions, thousands of years
average of 500,000 years
determined by the environment
size of genome plays a large role
Speciation
Phyletic Speciation
Pollen Transfer
pollen=haploid genome
insects and birds move pollen from one plant to another
Seed Dispersal
some seeds fall nearby parent
some seeds taken up by animals, carried long distances
Vegetative Propagation
small mobile pieces of a plant
gene flow
movement of alleles though space
Divergent Speciation
Abiological Reproductive Barriers
physical barrier
whitetail-> blacktail theory
Biological Reproductive Barriers
attributes that cause it to be selected against
very complex
Adaptive Radiation
rapid evolution into many species over just a shortened timeline
Convergent Evolution
animals with different biological history
come to closely resemble each other
natural selection giving rise to a new species
Evolution and the Origin of Life
Conditions of Earth Before the Origin of Life
Chemicals Present in the Atmosphere
began as H2
H2S, NH3, CH4, etc
volcanic gases
Energy Sources
UV/gamma radiation
electricity
Time Available for the Origin of Life
O2 has only been present for a short amount of time
it was needed to break things down causing life
Chemicals Produced Chemosynthetically
experiment done with electricity and organic molecules
very interesting
Formation of Polymers
ocean became "concentrated soup"
Aggregation and Organization
random clumping of molecules
Early Metabolism
Oxygen
strong reducing agent
The Presence of Life
