SEDIMENTARY ORGANIC MATTER

SEDIMENTARY PROCESS

  1. Weathering
  1. Erosion
  1. Transportation
  1. Deposition
  1. Lithification

Mechanical Weathering

Chemical Weathering

By wind, water and glaciers

Moving sediment

ACCUMULATION OF ORGANIC MATTER

Organic matter

Picking up sediment

Through wind, water and glaciers

Sediments are added to landform

Breaking up rocks into smaller pieces

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Changing the composition of minerals

Sediments change in:

Grain size

Grain sorting

Grain roundness

Turning to sedimentary rocks

Compaction

Sediments are forced together

Cementation

Water in sediments is driven out

Dissolved minerals seep between sediments

Cementing materials: quartz, calcite, hematite etc.

plants, animals, nutrients

supplied in a form of dead or living organic

Decomposes and releasing nutrients (Ca, N, C) into soil and sea

Occur in insufficent energy

Controlled by a number of geological boundary conditions

materials comprised of organic molecules in monomelic or polymeric

This nutrients are supplied by erosion

environment

marine

non-marine

plant rich environment

phytoplankton, reefs, invertebrates

Kerogen Classification

Phytoclasts

Black wood(inert)

Brown wood (gas prone)

Equant

Lath

Non-biostructured

Biostructured

Cuticle (oil prone)

Membrane (oil prone)

Palynomorphs

Sporomorphs (oil prone)

Plankton (oil prone)

Zoomorphs (Gas prone)

Amorphous

AOM (Oil prone)

Humic gels (Gas prone)

Resins (Very oil prone)

Maceral Group (to identify the kerogen type)

Liptinite

Vitrinite

Inertinite

From death coal

Less quality

richer in carbon

From spores, pollens, cuticles, and resins

more hydrogen-rich

Contain less hydrogen than liptinites

Composed of 'gelled' wood, bark and roots

Biologically rich, high productivity ocean settings

shallow, well oxygenated, sunlit, warm waters

tropical/ subtropical zones

lakes, floodplains, deltas

Kerogen

Kerogen Types

Kerogen Chemistry

Type II

Type I

Type III

Long aliphatic chains

Medium aliphatic chains

Aromatic rings, short chains

Composed of biopolymers

Aliphatic and aromatic

Proportions determine kerogen type

Well preserved

Organic matter that capable to produce petroleum

Does not dissolve in organic solvents

Macro-molecular complex-frictions of sedimentary Organic Matter