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SEDIMENTARY ORGANIC MATTER - Coggle Diagram
SEDIMENTARY ORGANIC MATTER
SEDIMENTARY PROCESS
Weathering
Mechanical Weathering
Breaking up rocks into smaller pieces
Chemical Weathering
Changing the composition of minerals
Erosion
By wind, water and glaciers
Picking up sediment
Transportation
Moving sediment
Through wind, water and glaciers
Sediments change in:
Grain size
Grain sorting
Grain roundness
Deposition
Sediments are added to landform
Occur in insufficent energy
Lithification
Turning to sedimentary rocks
Compaction
Sediments are forced together
Water in sediments is driven out
Cementation
Dissolved minerals seep between sediments
Cementing materials: quartz, calcite, hematite etc.
ACCUMULATION OF ORGANIC MATTER
Organic matter
plants, animals, nutrients
supplied in a form of dead or living organic
materials comprised of organic molecules in monomelic or polymeric
environment
marine
phytoplankton, reefs, invertebrates
Biologically rich, high productivity ocean settings
shallow, well oxygenated, sunlit, warm waters
non-marine
plant rich environment
tropical/ subtropical zones
lakes, floodplains, deltas
Kerogen Classification
Phytoclasts
Black wood(inert)
Equant
Lath
Brown wood (gas prone)
Non-biostructured
Biostructured
Cuticle (oil prone)
Membrane (oil prone)
Palynomorphs
Sporomorphs (oil prone)
Plankton (oil prone)
Zoomorphs (Gas prone)
Amorphous
AOM (Oil prone)
Humic gels (Gas prone)
Resins (Very oil prone)
Maceral Group (to identify the kerogen type)
Liptinite
From spores, pollens, cuticles, and resins
more hydrogen-rich
Vitrinite
Contain less hydrogen than liptinites
Composed of 'gelled' wood, bark and roots
Inertinite
From death coal
Less quality
richer in carbon
Decomposes and releasing nutrients (Ca, N, C) into soil and sea
Controlled by a number of geological boundary conditions
This nutrients are supplied by erosion
Kerogen
Kerogen Types
Type II
Medium aliphatic chains
Type I
Long aliphatic chains
Type III
Aromatic rings, short chains
Kerogen Chemistry
Composed of biopolymers
Aliphatic and aromatic
Proportions determine kerogen type
Well preserved
Organic matter that capable to produce petroleum
Does not dissolve in organic solvents
Macro-molecular complex-frictions of sedimentary Organic Matter