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Peripheral Vascular Disease - Coggle Diagram
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Peripheral Aterial Disease
Pathophysiology (Causes)
Interru[tion of arterial blood flow to extremities. Atherosclerosis in the lower extremities.
Narrowing of the vessels.
Labs/Diagnostics
Palpation of the peripheral pulses
Dopper ultrasound of the peripheral pulses.
Integumentary assessment
Assess BP in the leg
Ultrasound imagery, CT, MRI, and contrast angiography.
Complications
Ischemic attack
Necrosis of the tissue
Ulcers
pain and gnngrene from impaired blood flow to the tissues
Pain with walking due to low O2 to the gastrocnemius.
Severe painat night because of elevation of the limb when necrosis is present.
Symptoms
Aching feeling
Numbness
Pain while walking. Especially in the calves.
Thinning of skin and smaller size in leg muscles
Soft or absent pedal pulse
Ischemic pain at rest
Gangrene and ulcers
Severe pain and breakdown that increases while lying down.
Cold feet
Collaborative Care
Dietician to come up a diet that lowers cholesterol. Low sat fat and high fiber.
Wound care nurse if ulcers develop
Nurse should give client smoking cessation information and programs
PT - To increase level of activity and improve circulation.
Surgeon for severe cases.
Risk Factors
Smoking cigarettes
Diabetes Mellitus
Age
Atherosclerosis diagnosis
HTN
High LDL, low HDL, High lipids
Venous Insufficiency
Pathophysiology (Causes)
Persistant venous HTN.
Long periods of standing causes venous hydrostatic pressure.
Damaged valves
DVT: Blood clot in the leg
Skeletal muscle pump is decreased.
Inflammatory processes and endothelial dysfunction
Labs/Diagnostics
Vascular or duplex ultrasound to see blood circulation in the legs.
Symptoms
Brown pigmentation from necrosis of hemosideron deposits that come from breakdown of red blood cells.
Stiffening of the ankle joint, loss of muscle mass, and weakened muscles.
Edema of tissues
Skin inflammation (stasis dermatitis and stasis ulcers) from the impaired tissue nutrition. The skin has a thin, shiny , bluish brown pgment. May develop into an ulcer without pain and the ulcer is hard to heal. The stasis ulcers are the most common cause of the leg ulcers.
Risk Factors
Age, Hx of vascular disease, standing for long periods of time, obesity, Hx of DVT, pregnancy (hypercoagulative state), Family Hx of vascular disease
Complications
Damaged Valves cause the veins to stay filled with blood.
Skeletal muscle pump is decreased and venous return is decreased as well.
Tissue congestion
Edema which is worse when standing for long periods of time.
Impaired tissue nutrition that leads to delayed healing process.
Necrosis of subcutaneous fat deposits.
Collaborative Care
Wound care nurse specialized in treating complex and slow healing wounds.
Physical Therapist: Help the patient to stay active
Dietician: Come up with a diet to support healing that is nutrient dense.
Nurse and patient: Provide compression therapy.