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Population Genetics and Evolution, Cross link description: The beginning…
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Cross link description: The beginning of the chapter emphasizes that Earth is billions of years old. This is further underscored by the discussion about oxygen becoming liberated 2.8 billion years ago, which was after the inital formation of Earth.
Cross link description: Natural selection is the primary factor in altering the gene pool. The example of cacti and euphorbias which grow in completely different continents clearly demonstrates how traits best suited for an environment are considered more "fit" and survive for multiple generations until its gene frequency is higher than the former.
Cross link description: Evolution is generally a very slow process. However, in adaptive radiation when a species is introduced to a new habitat with little to no stress or competition, new alleles can build up relatively quickly. This results in more rapid divergence of species.