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peripheral arterial disease - Coggle Diagram
peripheral arterial disease
pathophysiology
common with advanced age, in the lower extremities, PAD is caused by atherosclerosis
Risk factors
smoking
history of diabetes mellitus
age
manifestations
intermittent claudication (pain with walking)
calf pain
aching and numbness of the lower extremities
reduced size of leg muscles
cool clammy feet
weak or absent popliteal and pedal pulses
diagnosis
assessment of lower limbs
subcutaneous atrophy
brittle toe nails
hair loss
pallor
coolness
palpitation or doppler for femoral, popliteal, tibial, and pedal pulses
lower extremity blood pressures
MRI imaging
CT imaging
arteriography
collaborative treatment
smoking cessation
HTN management
prescription for antiplatelet and stains
protection from skin breakdown
always wearing shoes
closely monitoring skin integrity
nutrition education
maintaining adequate nutrition
complications
ulcers
gangrene
necrosis
infection