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ACTIVITY 1 -Farihah Jazmina & Nurul Sareena- Erik Erikson's…
ACTIVITY 1
-Farihah Jazmina & Nurul Sareena-
Erik Erikson's Theory
(Psychosocial Development)
Erikson maintained that personality develops in a predetermined order through
eight stages of psychosocial development, from infancy to adulthood.
During each stage, the person experiences a psychosocial crisis which could have a positive or negative outcome for personality development.
1. Trust & Mistrust ( 0 - 1½ age)
During this stage, the infant is uncertain about the world in which they live, and looks towards their primary caregiver for stability and consistency of care.
An example is feeding. He believes that feeding played a pivotal role in the development of trust. By feeding an infant when the child is hungry, they learn that they can trust their need for nourishment will be met.
5. Identity vs. Role Confusion (12 - 18 age)
Failure to establish a sense of identity within society can lead to role confusion.
Example:
Adolescents who realize and know what they want in life, for example to be news anchors, will pursue for it without any hesitation by involving their selves with variety of competition relating to speaking.
During this stage, adolescents search for a sense of self, personal identity and become more independent. Erikson suggests that two identities are involved: the sexual and the occupational.
2. Autonomy vs. Shame (1½ - 3 age)
Children at this stage are focused on developing a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence.
Kids in this stage of development often feel the need to do things independently, such as picking out what they will wear each day, putting on their own clothes, and deciding what they will eat. While this can often be frustrating for parents and caregivers, it is an important part of developing a sense of self-control and personal autonomy.
3. Initiative vs. Guilt (3 - 5 age)
Children assert themselves more frequently through directing the play and other social interactions.
Play and imagination take on an important role at this stage. Children have their sense of initiative reinforced by being given the freedom and encouragement to play
8. Ego Integrity vs. Despair (65+ age)
During this time, the individuals contemplate their accomplishments in life.
Example:
Each of the adults have their own target in life, for example to be the most influence person in business sector, and when they manage to achieve it, they have no regret in life.
Success at this stage leads to feelings of wisdom, while failure results in regret, bitterness, and despair.
6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (18 - 40 age)
Example:
They explore relationships leading toward longer-term commitments with someone other than a family member by going on the blind dates, hit on women or men that they attracted with and so on.
In this stage, the adolescents have entered young adulthood phase so they begin to share their selves more intimately with others in order to find their soulmate.
Success in romantic relationship will leads to strong relationships, while failure results in loneliness and isolation.
4. Industry vs. Inferiority (5 - 12 age)
They will be learning to read and write, to do sums, to do things on their own. Teachers begin to take an important role in the child’s life as they teach the child-specific skills.
During school and other social activities, children receive praise and attention for performing various tasks such as reading, writing, drawing, and solving problems.
Children who struggle with schoolwork may have a harder time developing these feelings of sureness. Instead, they may be left with feelings of inadequacy and inferiority.
Kids who do well in school are more likely to develop a sense of competence and confidence. They feel good about themselves and their ability to succeed.
7.Generativity vs. Stagnation (40 - 65 age)
Success leads to feelings of usefulness and accomplishment, while failure results in shallow involvement in the world.
This stage happen in middle adulthood where individuals experience a need to create or nurture things that will outlast them, often having mentees or creating positive changes that will benefit other people.
Example:
Contributing in education sector by doing research on how to improve the teaching and learning method in order to produce good qualities students