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What i learned in week 10? - Coggle Diagram
What i learned in week 10?
Flow measurement
Pressure-based flowmeter
Types
Acceleration (increase velocity)
Segmental wedge
Pipe elbows
Flow nozzle
Orifice Plate
Tap locations for orifice plates
Vena contractataps
Radius taps
Flange taps
Corner taps
Pipe tap (also known as full-flow tap)
Venturi Tube
Deceleration (decrease velocity)
The Annubarflow element
The target flow sensor
Pitot tube
principle
Change the pattern of moving fluid when placed in the small pipe, resulting from this
acceleration
.
To force it to decelerate by bringing a portion of it to a full stop. The pressure generated by this
deceleration
.
TemperatureMeasurement
Techniques
2. Electrical Techniques
Resistance temperature detectors (RTDs)
Types
Film type
Wire wound
3-wire RTDs
used in industrial applications
4-wire RTDs
used primarily in the laboratory
2-wire RTDs
least accurate
Principle
The electrical resistance of metal conductors increases with increasing temperature.
Range not high as TCs.
Different from TCs because TCs read the dif.temp but RTDs can read the temp.
Thermistor
Can detect small temperature changes
Small size
semiconductor material
Temperature span must be narrow
Thermocouples (TCs)
Components
Extension/ compensation wire
Metal Sheath
Thermocouple wire
Thermowell
Plug/Connector/Accessories
Signal conditioning component/ Readout
Function
Transforming a measured temperature difference into a raw electrical signal.
Converts to a standard value or corresponding digital output.
Using wires of two dissimilar metals.
Types (different in range of temp. and metal that use)
Precious metal thermocouples
Type S
Type R
Type B
Base metal thermocouples
Type J
Type E
Type K
Common use than others
3. Optical and Radiation techniques
Pyrometer
non-cantact to object
not accuracy
Principles : needs to receive all energy emitted by the object
Choose the right wavelength to get more accuracy
Optical resolution is the distance from the instrument to the object divided by the diameter of the target spot being measured.
1. Thermal expansion techniques
Liquid-in-glass Thermometer
Total-immersion Thermometers
Partial-immersion Thermometers
Bimetallic thermometers
Constructed by bonding two straight metal strips.
The metal with the largest coefficient of expansion is on the bottom.
Common use for food production
4. Chemical techniques
The color of various substances and objects changes as a function of temperature.
Thermowell
For a contact temperature measurement device.
Cover the measurement.