Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
CHAPTER 2: THE THREE DIMENSION OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM - Coggle Diagram
CHAPTER 2: THE THREE DIMENSION OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM
1) ENVIRONMENT DIMENSION
Farmed
Environment
Natural
Environment
Built
Environment
Natural
Resources
Wildlife
Land-based mammals and reptiles
Flora
Birds
1 more item...
Water
Climate
Air
Individual building and structures
villages and townscapes
Transport and infrastructure e.g. (roads and airports)
Dams and reservoirs
Seas
Caves
Beaches
Natural Woodland
Rivers and lakes
Mountain areas
Agriculture Landscapes
Man-made Forest
Fish-Farm
MAJOR POTENTIAL IMPACT OF TOURISM ON THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
Flora and Fauna species composition
Killing of animals through hunting or supply good for the souvenir trade
Disruption of breeding habitats
Migration of animals
Pollution
Water pollution through discharges of sewage (spillage of oil or petrol)
Air pollution from vehicle emissions
Noise pollution from tourists transportation and activities
Erosion
Damage to geological features (e.g. tors and caves)
Damage to river banks
Natural Resources
Depletion of mineral resources for building materials
Change in hydrological patterns
Over-exploitation of biological resources (e.g. overfishing)
Visual Impact
Facilities (e.g. building and car park)
Litter
Sewage and alga blooms
2) ECONOMIC DIMENSION
The economic benefit and cost of tourism
Benefit
Job Creation
Injection of income into the local economy through the multiplier effect
Keep local business viable
Regeneration of the economies of towns and cities
Stimulates industrial investment
Cost
Jobs are low paid or seasonal
Opportunity costs (money invested cannot be used for other purposes)
Congestion
Need to invest in expensive infrastructure
Over dependence on tourism
The Multiplier Effect (Maximize Tourists Spending, Minimize Tourism Leakage of Tourism Income from Local Company
Leakages : When the private or public sector purchases goods or services from sources outside the community, that money is no longer subject to the multiplier effect and the economic benefits leak out of the community.
High leakages: Areas in developing countries with an economy based largely on primary production such as agriculture
Low leakage: Well-established major tourist destinations in developed countries
TOURIST SPEND FOR
Misc
Recreation
Personal care, medicine
Lodging
Food
Beverage
Entertainment
Clothing
Gift and Souvenir
Photography
Tours sightseeing guard, local sightseeing
SECOND ROUND OF EXPENDITURE
Wages and salaries
Commissions
Professional services
Purchases of food and beverage supplies
Purchases or materials and supplies
Advertising, promotion and publicity
Utilities
Transportations
Licenses
Rental of facilities and equipment
ULTIMATE BENEFICIARIES
Account
Architects
Bakers
Carpenters
Clothing Manufacture
Department store owners
Engineers
Farmers
Gift shop operator
Petrol station
Recreation equipment sales/rental
Transportation workers
Waiter/ waitress
3) SOCIAL DIMENSION
THE SCOPE OF SOCIAL DIMENSION OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM
Local Tourism Industry
Human resources issues : pay, working condition, and promotion opportunities
Influence with government decision makers
Value for money
Representation of cultures for tourists
Foreign Tour Operators
Lack of long term commitment to local communities
Relation with local tourism industry and the host community
Exploiting low cost economies to reduce their costs
Images and expectations created by promotional activities
Doing business with destinations with poor human rights records
Destination Government
Restrictions on tourists
Devoting resources priority to tourism
Promotional activities
Regulation of the tourism industry
The Tourist
Afford a holiday
Benefits gained from tourism
The need to feel safe and secure
Interactions with fellow tourist and community
Attitudes towards staff
Host Community
Attitudes and relations with the tourists
Involvement on public sector decision making
Impact of tourism on the society and culture
Strengths and commitment towards conserving the society and culture
THE POTENTIAL IMPACT OF TOURISM ON HOST CULTURES AND COMMUNITIES
Traditional Arts
Heritage
Religion
Values and behavior
Language
Traditional Lifestyles
DEVELOP MORE SUSTAINALE FORMS OF TOURISM IN THE COMMUNITY
I) Equity (stakeholders)
II) Equal opportunity (employees and tourists)
IV) Equal partners (tourists treatment)
III) Ethics (tourism industry, suppliers, host population, tourists
HOST-GUEST RELATIONSHIP : The key to the socio-cultural impacts is on the relationship between host and guest.
It is short term. Relationship are superficial
Tourists are under pressure due to short time period which make them irritated for any delay
Host-tourist relation tend to lack spontaneity
Tourists are often segregated from local people
Host-guest relations are often unbalanced in nature