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SPORTS MED: What role do preventative actions play in enhancing the…

- - - - The movement of air or water adjacent to the skin which can increase/ decrease the loss of heat. EG. An overheated athlete is kept cool while exercising due to a fan blowing cool air against their skin, thus cooling them down.
    - - The transfer of heat from the body to the surrounding environment EG. A cold athlete who stands in front of a warm heater will help heat the body vis absorption of heat radiated from heater.
    - - The transfer of heat through contact with other objects. EG. An athlete with a cramped calf applies a heat pack in order to transfer some heat to the muscle and stimulate blood flow.
    - - The loss of heat from the body when vaporised sweat leaves the skin, taking resultant heat with it. EG. An overheated athlete has water poured over their body which leaves more water to evaporate off taking excess heat with it. This also limits dehydration as it reduces the need for the body to use up water stores for thermoregulatory purposes.
  - - - Extremes in environmental temperature require specific strategies to avoid hypothermia hypothermia. Exercise in heat makes it difficult for body to maintain heat balance mechanism. Exercise in heat causes water requirements to greatly increase.
    - - Humidity limits the bodies ability to dissipate heat, specifically evaporation. Exercise in high temperature + humidity should be avoided.
    - - Combined convection and conduction contribute to wind chill. What suits when surfing are closing which prevents wind chill, which can lead to hypothermia.
    - - Rain can assist in cooling down body temperature but may also affect safety. Rain reduces visibility, traction, speed and can cause accidents in sport e.g. cycling
    - - Safety hazard for those performing in large cities or with respiratory conditions. Pollution increases airway resistance, causing up a respiratory tract irritation. Irritated respiratory tract reduces oxygen transport capacity in the blood. Carbon monoxide binds to haemoglobin in preference to oxygen, thereby inhibiting oxygen delivery to muscles
    - - General reduction in aerobic capacity of 3% for every 300 m over 1500 m. Solar radiation is stronger at higher altitudes, however, some sports like high jump benefit from lesser resistance
- - - - It is desirable to match children of comparable size (difficult as schools use age groups). Physical maturity tests are hard to determine.
    - - Interest/motivation increase when skill level is matched. Consider: size, age, gender, strength, psychological development, skill of competitors.