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Narcissistic Personality Disorder, image - Coggle Diagram
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Description
Differential Diagnosis
Mania and hypomania
Grandiosity may emerge as manic & hypomanic episodes, but the association with mood changes or functional impairments helps distinguish these episodes from NPD.
Substance abuse disorde
r
Distinguish from symptoms that may develop due to persistent substance abuse.
Other personality disorders and personality traits
Borderline PD
Can be distinguished from NPD by the lack of self-destructiveness, impulsivity, and abandonment present in NPD.
The need for attention is due to fear of abandonment while NPD clients seek attention to be admired.
•Histrionic PD-
Can be distinguished by the absence of excessive pride in achievements, relative, lack of emotional display that can be seen in NPD.
The need for attention is due to need for love & attention while NPD clients strictly seek attention to be admired.
Antisocial PD
Can be distinguished by the absence of impulsivity, aggression, and deceit which can be seen in NPD.
Can be distinguished by the presence of conduct of disorder during childhood & criminal behavior in adulthood in APD, which is absent in NPD.
Schizotypal & paranoid PD
Has suspiciousness and social withdrawal which can be distinguished from NPD, since NPD clients have fears that their imperfections might get revealed.
Obsessive PD- people would be self-critical about their inability to reach perfection while NPD clients believe that they have achieved perfection
CONTINUUM
OPTIMAL
Emotionally vulnerable to -ve assessments & feelings of others, can handle these with style and grace.
Shrewd in dealings with others, using the strengths/advantages of others to achieve their own goals.
Energetically sells themselves, their ideas & projects
An able competitor who loves getting to the top and staying there.
Can visualize themselves at the best in their field.
Believes in themselves, their abilities & uniqueness but doesn't demand special treatment.
Accepts admiration gracefully with self possession.
Possesses keen awareness of their thoughts and feelings
Expects good treatment always
MALADAPTIVE
Reacts to criticism with feelings of rage, stress or humiliation(even if not outwardly expressed)
Interpersonally exploitative in order to achieve their own ends.
Grandiose sense of self importance
Believes that their problems are unique and can only be understood by special people.
Preoccupied with fantasies of success, power, brilliance, beauty or ideal love
Has a sense of entitlement/unreasonable expectations of favourable treatment.
Lacks empathy & inability to experience how others feel
Preoccupied with feelings of envy.
Requires constant attention & admiration.
CHARACTERISTICS
Triggering event - Self Evaluation
Behavioral Style - Conceit, boasting, impatient, arrogant. Appears collected. Tends to dominate convos, seeks admiration and acts in an exhibitionistic manner.
Interpersonal style - Exploitative, lacks empathy, socially facile, pleasant and endearing.
Cognitive style - Cognitive expansiveness, exaggeration, inflexibility.take liberties with fact, distort them, engage in self deception to preserve their own illusions of themselves and the projects they’re involved in.
Feeling style - Aura of self confidence & nonchalance. Rage for criticism.
Parental injunction - “Grow up and be wonderful for me”
Self view - I’m special & unique and am entitled to extraordinary rights and privileges whether I've earned them or not
World view - People owe me admiration and privileges, therefore I'll expect and demand it.
Maladaptive scheme - Entitlement, defectiveness, emotional deprivation, insufficient self-control.
Formulations
1.Psychodynamic Perspective:
-Parental over-evaluation/ erratic, unreliable caretaking.
-Caretaker’s failure to provide optimal frustrating experience.
2.Biosocial Perspective
:
-Parental indulgence and over-evaluation.
-Learned exploitive behavior.
.-Only child status. :
3.Cognitive Behavioral Perspective:
-Central Schema: Superior/ Special schema.
-Behavior affected by difficulty in cooperation and reciprocal social intervention.
4.Interpersonal Perspective:
-Raised in an environment of unconditional love and adoration which was not accompanied by self-disclosure.
-Self-concept is derived from the internalization of unrealistic adoration and nurturance.
-Totally devoid of empathy towards others.
