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Nubia, Queen of Sheba (10 century BCE), Queen Hatshepsut (Reigned for more…
Nubia
Agriculture
Traded goods with Egyptians
Had farmers to take care of crops and cattle
Nile River also allowed for easy fishing and getting food
In deserts Nubians mined
Nile River allowed for accessible farming
Architecture
Gold was sacred and valuable due to it's imperishability
Raw materials in for of ornament were believed to help from evil forces
Glassmaking became very sophisticated
Certain animals were associated with royal power
Large Amulets from early queens
Warfare
Kush broke through frontier as Egyptian control decreased
The viceroy of Kush became the chief Egyptian imperial official
Thebans penetrated Nubia under Ahmose and mounted full invasion
Nubia broke away from Egypt despite long and costly war against Thebans
Sesostris 1 invaded Nubia
Queen of Sheba (10 century BCE)
She was one of the most powerful queens of Ethiopia
Her kingdom included royal catacombs and a giant gold mine
She had gotten together with King Solomon
The descendants of the queen have a official divine right to rule in Ethiopia
Queen Hatshepsut (Reigned for more than 20 years)
She was the daughter of Tuthmosis 1stepsister and wife of Tuthmosis 2 and stepmother of Tuthmosis 3
She was one of the greatest female pharaoh
She established her divine legacy in order to rule
There was a mortuary temple built after her which remains a recognizable example of Egyptian architecture
Mali Empire
Political Formation
Keita led revolt into a new state
Under Keita ruled over large part of West Africa
Ruler named Sundiata Keita
Dejnne and Timbuktu important cities
Founding dates to the 1200s
Disintegrated in 16th century
Industry
Known for wealth and luxury
Legend that Mansa Musa caused value to plummet in market
Had education
University and Library
Rich on trade
Egyptian Market plummeted due to Musa
Architecture
Timbuktu University
700,000 manuscripts
Islamic schools
Library
Elaborate adobe mosques
Kush Empire
Industry
Incense
Iron and Gold
Ivory
Trading partner to Egypt
Economic center operated lucrative market
Warfare
Ruled over vast territory along Nile River
Military rival to Egypt
Reached peak in second millennial
Often overshadowed by neighboring Egyptians
Stood as regional power in Africa over thousand years
Architecture
Built pyramids for dead
Had over 200 pyramids
Adopted Egyptian customs
Worshipped gods and mummified dead
All known from Egyptian sources
The Great Zimbabwe
Political Formation
Capital City
Ruled over large chunk of modern Botswana
Once thought to be residence of Queen of Sheba
Mysteriously abandoned around 15th century
Went into decline
Architecture
Defensive walls
Rock citadel
Stone towers
Chinese pottery
Stacked boulders