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PROTEIN - Coggle Diagram

- - - - The covalent bond joining neighbouring amino acid together in proteins, formed by a condensation reaction
        
        Condensation (-H2O)
        
        Between Carbon (C) and Nitrogen (N)
        
        Two linked amino acid
        
        Dipeptide
        
        1 more item...
    - - Surrounded by 3 chemical groups
        
        All amino acid has Carbon (C) atom in the middle
        
        Group 1 : The amino (-NH2)
        
        Group 2: The carboxylic acid group (-COOH)
        
        Group 3: The R group
    - - The sequence of amino acid in a polypeptide or proteins
      - The simplest protein structure
      - Structure shape like a long chains
    - - Has a alpha-helix and beta-helix structure
      - In an α helix, the carbonyl (C=O) of one amino acid is hydrogen bonded to the amino H (N-H) of an amino acid that is four down the chain.
      - In a β pleated sheet, two or more segments of a polypeptide chain line up next to each other, forming a sheet-like structure held together by hydrogen bonds
      - The structure of a protein molecule resulting from the regular filing or folding of the chain of amino acids
    - - The compact structure if protein molecule resulting from the 3 dimensional coiling of the chain of amino acids
      - Primarily due to interactions between the R groups of the amino acids that make up the protein.
      - There is 4 type of bonds
        
        Hydrogen Bond
        
        Form between a wide variety of R groups
        
        Form between strongly polar group (-NH-, -CO-, and -OH)
        
        Disulfide Bond
        
        Form between two cysteine molecules
        
        Stong covalent bonds (can be broke by reducing agents)
        
        Ionic Bonds
        
        Form between R groups containing amino acid and carboxyl groups
        
        Form between ionised amino (NH3+) and Ionised carboxylic acid (COO-)
        
        Can be broken by Ph change
        
        Hydrophobic interaction
        
        Hydrophobic term for 'water hating'
        
        Occur between R groups that are non-polar
    - - 3 demenstional arraignment of two or more polypeptides or of a polypeptides and a non-protein component (such as haem)
      - Has a non-protein component
      - Same type of bond of Teriary structure
      - Globular Proteins
        
        A poteins whose molecule curl up into a ball shape
        
        Usually curl up so that their non-polar, hydrophobic R group point into the centre
        
        The polar, hydrophilic R groups remain on the outside of the molecule
        
        Example Enzyme and haemoglobin in blood
        
        Haemoglobin transport oxygen in the red blood cell
        
        hemoglobin carries oxygen in the blood and is made up of four subunits, two each of the α and β types
      - Fibrous Proteins
        
        A protein whose molecules have a relatively long, thin structure that is generally insoluble and metabolically inactive
        
        example Collagen
        
        Collagen consist of three polypeptide chains each in the shape of a helix
        
        The 3 helical polypeptides are wound around each other forming a three-stranded 'rope' or 'triple helix'