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"THE STUARTS" - Coggle Diagram
"THE STUARTS"
The Stuart period began when King James VI of Scotland became King James I of England When Elizabeth I died in 1603, the crown passed to her cousin King James VI of Scotland.
ECONOMICAL ASPECTS
The Slave Trade grew and the foundations of the British Empire started to develop.
The hugely valuable West Indian islands fell into British hands and British merchants became well and truly involved in the Transatlantic Slave Trade
In Britain, merchants banded together to take on more ambitious ventures.
Insurance companies also sprang up, as did the Stock Exchange.
Towards the end of the period, the Bank of England was set up.
Agricultural improvements were transforming the countryside.
Developments such as crop rotation and the seed drill had begun to transform farming in this country, and this would lead to the later huge growth in population.
As cities grew, more fuel was needed to heat the houses and the mining industry expanded.
RELIGIOUS ASPECTS: This era saw the Gunpowder Plot to blow up Parliament.
England was a Protestant country. However, there were still many Roman Catholics, who wished England to become a Catholic country again. In 1605, a group of them tried to blow up the Houses of Parliament and seize power.
The Puritan movement saw growing support for a simpler, purer form of worship. The Protestant Church of England was also divided, between the conservatives who wanted to keep the whole organization of the church as it was, and the reformers, or Puritans, who wanted to change to a much simpler church organization.
The first British colonies in North America were founded. During the early Stuart period, the size of the Puritan population continued to grow. Both King James I and King Charles saw them as a threat to the established church. Persecution led to some Puritans leaving Britain to found new colonies in America.
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In 1689, a new law finally saw greater religious tolerance.
In the last years of the century, a climate of tolerance gradually arose, as people became exhausted by religious bigotry. The Act of Toleration of 1689 made it legal to worship outside the Church of England.
KING VS PARLIAMENT Parliament, led by a group of Puritans, wanted to increase its power in government, whilst the Stuart kings wished to preserve their ‘divine right to rule’
Under Charles I, these tensions took the country into civil war. The English Civil War (1641–1651) saw a series of battles between the Parliamentarians and Royalists (supporters of the King).
The war resulted in the execution of King Charles I and a period of Republican rule The outcome of the Civil Wars was the execution of the king, in 1649, and eleven years of Republican rule, most of which was under the leadership of Oliver Cromwell.
A 'Bill of Rights' finally saw the development of a monarchy answerable to Parliament In 1660, Charles II was recalled to the throne but tensions between King and Parliament had not been resolved.
The conditions guaranteed the rights of Parliament and the individual liberties of English citizens. This "Bill of Rights", and other decisions of the time, laid the foundations for the political system known as "Constitutional Monarchy"
SOCIAL ASPECTS
The period also saw the rise of the great estates.
Many aristocratic families died out through a lack of heirs and their lands passed to other aristocratic families with whom they were related. This meant that a much greater amount of land was owned by just a few families
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Stuart England was a time of changes, but also of great creativity.
Despite war and upheaval, the Stuart period saw a flourishing economy that was dynamic and innovative. In fact, the technological foundations for the Industrial Revolution had been laid by the end of the Stuart period