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Internal Parasites - Coggle Diagram

- - - - most pathogenic GI parasite
      - causes greatest economic losses,
      - medium/brown abomasal stomach worm;
      - Type 1 and Type 2 infestations- understand difference
        
        Type I: adults breeding/destruction of gastric glands
        
        Type II: larvae undergo period of dormancy triggered by climate; can remain dormant 4 months or longer; if large numbers mature simultaneously, acute death losses
      - Thousands of small white bumps
      - CS
        
        diarrhea, submandibular edema, rapid weight loss, loss of appetite, bottle jaw, poor condition, anemia, usually in younger cattle
        
        Lab Findings: hypoalbuminemia, FEC for Type I
        
        Necropsy Findings: abomasal edema, larva & adults, high pH (over 4.5) in abomasam
      - Practically all pastures are contaminated
  - - - found via sedimentation rather than floatation- eggs sink
  - - - Prevention
        
        Create clean, well-bedded resting space for calves.
        
        Optimize ventilation in the barn and calf or heifer pens.
        
        Provide adequate feed space per animal.
        
        Minimize weight and age variation between animals in the group.
        
        Avoid feeding on the ground unless it is at a bunk.
        
        Provide 12" of linear water space per 10 animals.
        
        Treat infected animals.
        
        Maximize time between successive occupants of the same pen.
      - Basics
        
        Causes profuse diarrhea in younger animals- 3 weeks to 1 year; see cs before passage of oocytes
        
        Not a worm, a protozoa
        
        Usually not bloody but can be; live in SI & LI
        
        Causes atrophy and destruction of villus epithelial cells; diarrhea prior to passage of oocytes, so diagnosis with clinical signs
        
        Individual cattle may exhibit nervous signs (convulsions)
        
        Usually by time see ovum, too late, so prevent
        
        Diagnosis with CS or fecal
        
        High morbidity and lower mortality (many affected, few die); healthy animals shed oocytes; older animals carry and serve as source
        
        Eimeria species in cattle; Isospora in pigs
        
        Treatment less rewarding than prevention-> coccidiostats (sulfa drugs, amprolium, ionophores) & improved hygiene