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The 2019‐new coronavirus epidemic: Evidence for virus evolution - Coggle…
The 2019‐new coronavirus epidemic: Evidence
for virus evolution
Origin
Coronaviridae family
The cause of common cold and diarrhea in humans
2019-nCoV from the Orthocoronavirinae family
1975 pneumonia cases in China by January follwing an animal market event in Wuhan, China
Animal to human transmission
Creating a phylogenetic tree of 2019-nCoV
GISAID and Genbank provided complete genomes for 15 sequences of 2019-nCoV
MERS and SARS were added to the database to compare similarity
Maximum likelihood tree was constructed using jModeltest software
The FUBAR test was used to determine positive and negative selection, based on a p-value less than 0.05
SwissModel was used to comapre homology and were validated using QMEAN
Results
The maximum likelihood tree formed two clades, one with MERS and the second with bat SARS-like coronavirus, SARS, and 2019-nCoV
2019-nCoV was most closely related to the bat SARS
(N region) FUBAR resulted in 380th and 410th nucleotide positions showed positive selection, while six other sites showed negative selection
(S region) FUBAR showed two positive selection sites at 536th and 644th, with negative selection at 1065 sites.
N-region is the most stable and similar model with the SARS coronavirus nucleocapsid protein structure, the S-region is msot stable with the SARS coronavirus
spike glycoprotein structure
2019-nCoV and bat SARS show similiarity in 309th and 380th position
Discussion
Two separated bat SARS are more similar to 2019-nCoV than the other bat SARS sequences, showing homology
The mutations of the S spike protein and N structural protein most likely contributed to the transcription and assembly efficiency shown in the 2019-nCoV
Animals can be virus reservoirs for infections from human animal contact
Although other factors could have also payed a part, transmission from bats to humans and the evolution of bat SARS to 2019-nCoV is most likely the reason for this current epidemic
Reference: Benvenuto D. Giovanetti M. Ciccozzi A. Spoto S. Angeletti S. Ciccozzi M. 2020. The 2019‐new coronavirus epidemic: Evidence for virus evolution. J Med Virol. 92: 455-459.