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Acids, Bases, and pH
Bases
What is a base?
A base is a chemical substance which donates electrons , accepts protons, or, releases hydroxide in aqueous solution.
It reacts with an acid in an acid- base reaction.
Properties
- A basic solution has a pH greater than 7.
- They have a bitter flavor(shouldn’t be tasted.)
- Aqueous or molten bases dissociate into ions and can also conduct electricity.
- Strong and concentrated bases are caustic, thus, they react vigorously with acids and also with organic matter.
Types of Bases
-Strong base dissociates completely into its ions in water or can be a compound that has the ability to remove a proton from a very weak acid. Example: Sodium Hydroxide(NaOH).
-Weak base dissociates in water incompletely. Its liquid solution has both the weak base as well as its conjugate acid.
-Superbase is better than a strong base when it comes to deprotonation, they have extremely weak conjugate acids.They can’t stay in aqueous solution since it is a stronger base than the hydroxide ion.Example: Sodium Hydride (NaH)
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-Solid base is active in a solid form and can be seen in reactions with gaseous acids. Example: silicon dioxide (siO2).
pH
What is pH?
pH is recognized as the power of Hydrogen, or how much H is in a given substance.
While the original meaning was never given, it is believed that the p in pH was used to differentiate the test substance from the original.
It can be used to determine a variety of things, like the acidity of your urine, to check if your system is working correctly. Another example is to determine why a substance might irritate your organs.
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Acids
What is an Acid ?
An acid is a chemical species that donates protons or accepts electrons. Most acids contain a hydrogen atom bonded that can release a cation and an anion in water. The higher the concentration of hydrogen ions produced by an acid, the higher its acid and the lower the potential of hydrogen of the solution.
Properties 
Aqueous solutions of acids are electrolytes,
meaning that they conduct electrical current. Some acids are strong electrolytes because they ionize completely in water, yielding a great many ions. Other acids are weak electrolytes that exist primarily in a non-ionized form when dissolved in water.
Acids have a sour taste. Lemons, vinegar, and sour candies all contain acids.
Acids change the color of certain acid-base indicates. Two common indicators are
litmus and phenolphthalein. Blue litmus turns red in the presence of an acid, while phenolphthalein turns colorless.
Acids react with active metals to yield hydrogen gas. Recall that an activity series is a list of metals in descending order of reactivity. Metals that are above hydrogen in the activity series will replace the hydrogen from an acid in a single-replacement reaction
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