THE BIG MAP OF PHILOSOPHY

AGES

MODERNITY

Masters of suspicion

FREUD

psycoanalysis

Culture

Renunciation of instinc

Totemism

Children's similarities

the primal horde

identification with a totem

the totemic meal

law of exogamy

Incest taboo

psyche

Oedipus complex

Emotional ambivalence

Mother

Father

topography

first topic

Unconscious

repression

Conscious

Second topic

id

drives

ego

superego

NIETZSCHE

HUME

metaphysics

not a possible knowledge

Epistemology

empiricism

mind contents

type

Impressions

ideas

complexity

simple

complex

HEGEL

dialectics

thesis

antíthesis

syńthesis

DESCARTES

Epistemology

method

the doubt

not

sceptical

but

methodical

applied to

reason

senses

supported by

Evil Genius

dream

first item of Knoledge

indubitable truth

cogito, ergo sum

marks

Clarity

distinctness

rules

first

“Never to accept anything for true which I did not clearly know to be such; that is to say, carefully to avoid precipitancy and prejudice, and to comprise nothing more in my judgment than what was presented to my mind so clearly and distinctly as to exclude all grounds of doubt"

second

“To divide each of the difficulties under examination into as many parts as possible, and as might be necessary for its adequate solution.”

third

“To conduct my thoughts in such order that, by commencing with objects the simplest and easiest to know, I might ascend by little and little, and, as it were, step by step, to the knowledge of the more complex; assigning in thought a certain order even to those objects which in their own nature do not stand in a relation of antecedence and sequence.

forth

“To make enumerations so complete, and reviews so general that I might be assured that nothing was omitted.”

Ontology - Metaphysics

substance

A thing that does not depend on anything else for its existence. That is to say, substance is a self-subsisting thing.

three types

2 finite

thinking substance

mind

extended substance

bodies

infinite substance

God

SPINOZA

metaphysics

monism

substance

modes

Epistemology

more geometrico #

Ethics

Freedom ilusion

Ignorants of our wishes causes

ROUSSEAU

Social Contract Theory

aims

to explain the human social condition

to justify the existence of a form of government

two human conditions

state of nature

natural rights

individual

Survival

natural freedom

possesion

Natural wellness

when degenerated the need of a social contract arises

Degeneration mainly due to the defence of properties

Civil state

Civil rights

civil freedom

property

supported by the community

Social Contract

Alienation of natural freedom

Free submission to the contract

Freedon is kept as civil freedom

Moral liberty (Kant)

Renounce to part of my natural rights

Delivered to a governor

General will

Equality

Everyone allienation is equal

Ancient Greece - Antiquity

Presocratics

Philosophers of Nature

metaphysics

Problem of change and movement

arhé

Thales

moist

Democritus

atoms

Heraclitus

logos

Parmenides

being

PLATO

Metaphysics

Two worlds theory

forms world

Hierachy of forms

material things ideas

Mathematical ideas

Ethical / aesthetical ideas

IDEA OF GOOD

matter world

Material things partake the forms

Epistemology

Reminiscence

Forms

Meno's paradox

If you know what you’re looking for, inquiry is unnecessary.

If you don’t know what you’re looking for, inquiry is impossible.

Therefore, inquiry is either unnecessary or impossible.

Anthropology

human being

Body

Soul

Charioteer

three #

Reason #

It must conduct the other souls #

Spirit #

appetite #

Politics

Aristocracy

Ideal State classes

Guardians - philosophers (rulers)

They must govern the other classes

Taken the goverment understood as their duty, not as a personal good.

auxiliaries (warriors)

Producers

Critique of Democracy

ARISTOTLE

Epistemology

Empiricism

"Nothing is in the intellect that was not first in the senses"

abstraction

Senses

perception

imagination

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memory

active mind

passive mind

Metaphysics

Being

is said in many ways

substance

hylomorphism

matter

form

marks

Being able to receive contraries

Something that does not require any other thing to exist

things are in themselves

Something that stands under or grounds things

If substance did not exist it would be impossible for things in any of the other categories to exist. There could be no instances of properties if there were no substances to possess them

Being objects of predication but not being themselves predicable of anything else

types

first substance

Second substance

4 causes

material

formal

efficient

final

FINALISM

accident

Potentiality

Actuality

Politics

State

organicism

Prior even to the individual

self-sufficing

Parts

Village

individual

couple of man and woman

finalism

aim of mankind

Anthropology

Political animal

Speech

branches

Anthropology

Culture

Politics

approaches

in human nature

Contractualism

Common genesis of social and psychological dimensions (psychoanalytic theory)

Social relations on work conditions

Ethics

epistemology

approaches

Materialism

Marx

Rationalism

Descartes

Empiricism

Aristotle

Hume

Theory of knowledge.

What kinds of things can we know?

What can justify our belief that something is true?

What is it to know something?

Concepts

Experience

Sensation

Perception

Imagination

Memory

Understanding

Judgement

Reason

Metaphysics

Theory of reality

Reality beyond physics

ultimate causes

what is there?

What kinds of things exist?

How are they related to one another?

do minds exist? Numbers? God? Forms?

approaches

idealism

Plato

Descartes

Realism

Aristotle

presocratics

click to edit

MARX

Epistemology

Dialectical materialism

The law of the passage of quantitative changes into qualitative changes

The law of the negation of the negation

The law of the unity and conflict of opposites

History as class struggle

Society

superstructure

Ideology

infrastructure

Capitalism

Commodity

also commodities

Labour

What's its value?

Money

Value

Surplus value

types

relative

absolute

labour time

surplus

necessary

Exchange value

Money

Gold standard

as measure of value

Universal equivalent

as means of exchange

circulation

Money-commodity-money

Commodity-money-commodity

use value

Socially necessary labour time

Exchanged

produced by labour

Satisfaction of human needs

Fetichism

classes

Proletariat

sell labour

ALIENATION

on class conciousness

on work conditions

Bourgeoise

buy labour

need of constant growth

new markets

credit

unavoidable crisis

social classes

Opressed

Opressor