THE BIG MAP OF PHILOSOPHY
AGES
MODERNITY
Masters of suspicion
FREUD
psycoanalysis
Culture
Renunciation of instinc
Totemism
Children's similarities
the primal horde
identification with a totem
the totemic meal
law of exogamy
Incest taboo
psyche
Oedipus complex
Emotional ambivalence
Mother
Father
topography
first topic
Unconscious
repression
Conscious
Second topic
id
drives
ego
superego
NIETZSCHE
HUME
metaphysics
not a possible knowledge
Epistemology
empiricism
mind contents
type
Impressions
ideas
complexity
simple
complex
HEGEL
dialectics
thesis
antíthesis
syńthesis
DESCARTES
Epistemology
method
the doubt
not
sceptical
but
methodical
applied to
reason
senses
supported by
Evil Genius
dream
first item of Knoledge
indubitable truth
cogito, ergo sum
marks
Clarity
distinctness
rules
first
“Never to accept anything for true which I did not clearly know to be such; that is to say, carefully to avoid precipitancy and prejudice, and to comprise nothing more in my judgment than what was presented to my mind so clearly and distinctly as to exclude all grounds of doubt"
second
“To divide each of the difficulties under examination into as many parts as possible, and as might be necessary for its adequate solution.”
third
“To conduct my thoughts in such order that, by commencing with objects the simplest and easiest to know, I might ascend by little and little, and, as it were, step by step, to the knowledge of the more complex; assigning in thought a certain order even to those objects which in their own nature do not stand in a relation of antecedence and sequence.
forth
“To make enumerations so complete, and reviews so general that I might be assured that nothing was omitted.”
Ontology - Metaphysics
substance
A thing that does not depend on anything else for its existence. That is to say, substance is a self-subsisting thing.
three types
2 finite
thinking substance
mind
extended substance
bodies
infinite substance
God
SPINOZA
metaphysics
monism
substance
modes
Epistemology
more geometrico #
Ethics
Freedom ilusion
Ignorants of our wishes causes
ROUSSEAU
Social Contract Theory
aims
to explain the human social condition
to justify the existence of a form of government
two human conditions
state of nature
natural rights
individual
Survival
natural freedom
possesion
Natural wellness
when degenerated the need of a social contract arises
Degeneration mainly due to the defence of properties
Civil state
Civil rights
civil freedom
property
supported by the community
Social Contract
Alienation of natural freedom
Free submission to the contract
Freedon is kept as civil freedom
Moral liberty (Kant)
Renounce to part of my natural rights
Delivered to a governor
General will
Equality
Everyone allienation is equal
Ancient Greece - Antiquity
Presocratics
Philosophers of Nature
metaphysics
Problem of change and movement
arhé
Thales
moist
Democritus
atoms
Heraclitus
logos
Parmenides
being
PLATO
Metaphysics
Two worlds theory
forms world
Hierachy of forms
material things ideas
Mathematical ideas
Ethical / aesthetical ideas
IDEA OF GOOD
matter world
Material things partake the forms
Epistemology
Reminiscence
Forms
Meno's paradox
If you know what you’re looking for, inquiry is unnecessary.
If you don’t know what you’re looking for, inquiry is impossible.
Therefore, inquiry is either unnecessary or impossible.
Anthropology
human being
Body
Soul
Charioteer
three #
Reason #
It must conduct the other souls #
Spirit #
appetite #
Politics
Aristocracy
Ideal State classes
Guardians - philosophers (rulers)
They must govern the other classes
Taken the goverment understood as their duty, not as a personal good.
auxiliaries (warriors)
Producers
Critique of Democracy
ARISTOTLE
Epistemology
Empiricism
"Nothing is in the intellect that was not first in the senses"
abstraction
Senses
perception
imagination
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memory
active mind
passive mind
Metaphysics
Being
is said in many ways
substance
hylomorphism
matter
form
marks
Being able to receive contraries
Something that does not require any other thing to exist
things are in themselves
Something that stands under or grounds things
If substance did not exist it would be impossible for things in any of the other categories to exist. There could be no instances of properties if there were no substances to possess them
Being objects of predication but not being themselves predicable of anything else
types
first substance
Second substance
4 causes
material
formal
efficient
final
FINALISM
accident
Potentiality
Actuality
Politics
State
organicism
Prior even to the individual
self-sufficing
Parts
Village
individual
couple of man and woman
finalism
aim of mankind
Anthropology
Political animal
Speech
branches
Anthropology
Culture
Politics
approaches
in human nature
Contractualism
Common genesis of social and psychological dimensions (psychoanalytic theory)
Social relations on work conditions
Ethics
epistemology
approaches
Materialism
Marx
Rationalism
Descartes
Empiricism
Aristotle
Hume
Theory of knowledge.
What kinds of things can we know?
What can justify our belief that something is true?
What is it to know something?
Concepts
Experience
Sensation
Perception
Imagination
Memory
Understanding
Judgement
Reason
Metaphysics
Theory of reality
Reality beyond physics
ultimate causes
what is there?
What kinds of things exist?
How are they related to one another?
do minds exist? Numbers? God? Forms?
approaches
idealism
Plato
Descartes
Realism
Aristotle
presocratics
click to edit
MARX
Epistemology
Dialectical materialism
The law of the passage of quantitative changes into qualitative changes
The law of the negation of the negation
The law of the unity and conflict of opposites
History as class struggle
Society
superstructure
Ideology
infrastructure
Capitalism
Commodity
also commodities
Labour
What's its value?
Money
Value
Surplus value
types
relative
absolute
labour time
surplus
necessary
Exchange value
Money
Gold standard
as measure of value
Universal equivalent
as means of exchange
circulation
Money-commodity-money
Commodity-money-commodity
use value
Socially necessary labour time
Exchanged
produced by labour
Satisfaction of human needs
Fetichism
classes
Proletariat
sell labour
ALIENATION
on class conciousness
on work conditions
Bourgeoise
buy labour
need of constant growth
new markets
credit
unavoidable crisis
social classes
Opressed
Opressor