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Cell Structures and Organelles - Coggle Diagram
Cell Structures and Organelles
Making (manufacturing) Proteins
Ribosomes
It is made of 2 components:
RNA
Protein
Nucleolus is the site of ribosome production.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
It is a membrane system of folded sacs and interconnected channels that serves as the site for protein and lipid synthesis.
Rough ER
It appears to have bumps on it
It has ribosomes attached to it.
Smooth ER
It doesn't have ribosomes attached to it.
It performs important functions for the cell
Processing energy
Chloroplast
It is an organelle that captures light energy and convert it to chemical energy through a process called photosynthesis
Chloroplasts are disk-shaped organelles that contain 2 main compartments essential to photosynthesis
Stroma (the fluid-filled space)
Thylakoid (flattened, saclike membranes)
Mitochondria (powerhouses)
It is an energy generator, which convert fuel particles (mainly sugars) into usable energy.
It has an outer membrane and a highly folded inner membrane.
Cristae (the folds of the inner membrane), provides a large surface area for breaking down the bonds in sugar molecules.
Controlling cell activities
Nucleus
It directs cell processes
It contains most of the cell's DNA, which stores information used to make proteins for cell growth, function, and reproduction.
It is the cell's managing structure
Cell shape and structure
Cytoskeleton
The cytoskeleton has a function in cell movement and other cellular activities.
It is made of substrates called
Microtubules
and
Microfilaments
Microtubules: long, hollow protein cylinders that form a rigid skeleton for the cell.
Microfilaments: thin protein threads that help give the cell shape and enable the entire cell or parts of the cell to move.
It is a supporting network of long, thin protein fibers that form a framework for the cell and provide an anchor for the organelles inside the cell.
Cytoplasm
It is the environment inside the plasma membrane, a semifluid material.
In a Prokaryotic cell, all of the chemical processes of the cell take place directly in the cytoplasm. (chemical processes: breaking down sugar for energy).
Eukaryotic cells perform processes within organelles in their cytoplasm.
Processing, storing, and transporting materials
Golgi Apparatus
It is a flattened stack of membranes that modifies, sorts, packages proteins into sacs called vesicles
Vacuole
It is a sac used to store food, enzymes, and other materials needed by a cell.
Some vacuoles store waste products
Lysosomes
It is a vesicle that contains substances that digest excess and worn-out organelles and food particles.
It also digests bacteria and viruses that have entered the cells.