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Physical integrity: Compartment Syndrome - Coggle Diagram
Physical integrity: Compartment Syndrome
Pathophysiology
Trauma event like a fracture
Pressure generates and increases in inter compartmental space
Capillaries break down and collapse
Perfusion becomes impaired causing ischemia
Inflammatory response > histamine release, capillaries become leaky, vascular permeability increases
Blood begins stagnant and pooling leading to ischemia
Myocytes breakdown, solutes released draw water from arterial blood
More water = more pressure
Muscle/nerve necrosis
Symptoms
Pulselessness
Parensthesias - tingle/numb
Pallor
Motor weakness
Cyanosis
Necrosis
Edema
Pain
Risks
Bone surgery
Coma
Rhabdmyolysis
Contact athletes
Hypotension
Trauma
Crushing injury
tight splints/casts
Venous obstruction
Lab/diagnostics
Inter compartmental pressure
Doppler to detect pulses
BUN, Creatinine, gfr to check kidney function
Myoglobinuria present
Complications
AKI
Amputation
Infection
Necrosis
Muscle damage
Treatments
Fasciotomy
Pain mgmt - opioids
I/Os
Pressure relief, remove dressings looser clothing etc
Elevate extremities to heart level
Amputation