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Stereotypes and discrimination - Coggle Diagram
Stereotypes and discrimination
Prejudice
to arrive at an unfavorableconclusion before we’ve evaluated all of the evidence.
Stereotypes
belief about a group’s characteristics that we apply to most members of that group.
Adaptative pshycological processes.
cognitive misers -- we strive to save mental energy by simplifying reality
Danger of stereotypes
Gordon Allport and Leo Postman (1956)
Discrimination
African Americans are more likely to commit violence
White people is good
can affect our split-second interpretations of ambiguous stimuli
illusory correlation
perception of an erroneous association between a minority group and a given characteristic
ultimate attribution error
attributing the negative behavior of entire groups
attribute any positive behaviors of disliked groups to luck
leads us to underestimate the impact of situational factors on people’s behavior.
The Nature of Prejudice
adaptive conservatism
Better safe then sorry
in-group bias
tendency to favor individuals inside our group relative to members outside it
out-group homogeneity
tendency to view all people outsideof our group as highly similar
References
Lilienfeld, et al. (2010). PSYCHOLOGY AND SCIENTIFIC THINKING: a framework for everyday life. En Psychology: From Inquiry to Understanding, 2nd Edition(pp. 2-6). Boston, MA, USA: Pearson.
Discrimination
prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex.
Consequences
subtle discriminatory behaviors can adverselyaffect the quality of interpersonal interactions.
Creating discrimination
Put together 2 groups with 2 different traits
Roots of prejudice
scapegoat hypothesis
a need to blame other groups for our misfortunes.
competition overscarce resources
just-world hypothesis
all things happen for a reason.
perceive the world as fair
CONFORMITY
conformity to social norms.
social approval
INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN PREJUDICE
exhibit high levels of prejudice against a wide variety of out-groups
Subtle prejudice
unaware
IAT
Combating Prejudice
ROBBERS CAVE STUDY
encourage people to work towards a shared higher purpose.
JIGSAW CLASSROOMS
separate tasks that all need to befitted together to complete a project.
Increased contact between racialgroups is rarely sufficient to reduce prejudice.