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"The actions of individual Leaders had a significant impact on the…

- - - - Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan
        
        Truman Doctrine = 1947
        
        "USA had the obligation to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures"
        
        Radical change in US policy (move from isolationism
        
        Put in place after Britain informed the US they could no longer financially support Turkey + Greece economically
        
        Doctrine was in response to the unstable conditions in Turkey and in particular, Greece
        
        US sent money in hope of aiding economic recovery
        
        USSR saw this as evidence of determination of the US to expand its sphere of influence
        
        Marshall Plan (1947)
        
        AIM: revival of working economy in Western Europe
        
        Provided economic help for European reconstruction
        
        Initially offered to all European countries, rejected by USSR and Satellite states
- - - - given that it took so long for European nations to start the second front with the USSR, he mistrusted the west and wanted a buffer zone
      - communists who were loyal to stalin took leading positions in national parties, then joined coalitions with left wing parties so that they soon dominated provisional govt.
    - - Provided aid for eastern bloc countries
      - first of several moves to more fully integrate Eastern Europe
      - Created in response to the Marshall Plan
    - - Cominform
        
        Communist Information Bureau
        
        Modern day version of Comintern
        
        Aim was to tie European Communist Parties more closely to Moscow
      - Comecom
        
        Council for Mutual Economic Assistance
        
        Purpose was to tie European Communist economies to the Soviet Union
        
        Designed to stimulate and control their economic development
- - - - US took advantage of their nuclear monopoly and soviet weakness and used the Truman Doctrine and Marshall aid to establish economic dependence of various countries, which would ultimately lead to political control. Truman's imperialism created the cold war
    - - policies were an attempt to defend the world and he was responding to soviet aggression
  - - - blaming Stalin and USSR, and that they were responisble for the outbreak of Cold War
      - Stalin had signed Declaration of Liberated Europe --> which he then violated.
      - All states in Eastern Europe had communist-single party systems by 1948.
      - Impossible to cooperate over Germany, and Stalin seen as aggressive
    - - responsibility of the US
      - USSR devasted by war - 1700 cities destroyed, 60000 villiages were in ruins and 25 million russians killed
      - US had increased industrial input by 90% and had a nuclear monopoly
      - Stalin's desire to control EE was entirely defensive (wanted to control eastern states as they had previously use precursors prior to attacks on USSR)
      - US issues TD which gave them the right to intervene anywhere, and Marshall aid seen as economic imperialism. This intimidated Stalin.