Acids, Bases, and pH
PH
Acid-base reaction
Analogy
Base
Contains more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions
type of chemical process typified by the exchange of one or more hydrogen ions between neutral molecules such as water.
Everyday examples of acids and bases:
Acid: Vinegar, Lime juice, etc.
"A base is a substance that contains hydroxide group and dissociates to produce hydroxide ion in aqueous solution." (Arrhenius, S. 1883)
Base: Hand soap
Strong bases dissociate entirely into metal ions and hydroxide ions.
Weak Bases ionize only partially in aqueous solution to form conjugate acid of the base and hydroxide ion.
Chemical reaction where it show in water solution, a sharp taste, a corrosive action on metals, and can show the ability to turn blue vegetables to red.
The pH scale:
Goes from 0-14
pH of less than 7 is acid
pH of more than 7 is base
7 is considered neutral
When acids and bases neutralize each other, it produces salts.
To measure pH we can:
Use a portable electric tool such as this one: This tool must be calibrated before use with a neutral substance such as water. 
Acids are probably the oldest to be recognized because of their salty taste.
Example: Nitric acid reacts with sodium carbonate to form sodium nitrate, carbon dioxide and water.
Base ionization
We can also use universal indicator paper strips to indicate the pH of a substance. The paper will turn a certain color according to its pH. This is a common way to measure pH as it tends to be accessible and convenient.
Kb is the base ionization constant for the ionization of a base. The smaller the value for Kb is, the weaker the base is.
Acids
Contains more hydroxide ions than hydroxide ions
"An acid is a substance that contains hydrogen
and ionizes to produce hydrogen ions in aqueous solution." (Arrhenius, S. 1883)
Strong Acids are acids that ionize completely
Weak Acids are acids that only partly ionize in aqueous solutions
pH is like the a seesaw
One side is the acid end of spectrum (H+ ions)
The other side is the base end of spectrum (OH- ions)
The side that has more atoms than the other, will overpower the other and determine whether a substance is an acid or a base
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