understanding how children learn

understanding childhood development theories

understanding different age groups

Different age groups

child development theories

vygotsky

bruner

piaget

4 stages of child development

  1. preoperational
  1. concrete operational
  1. formal operational
  1. sensorimotor

birth - 2 years old

learning takes place through the senses and manipulation of objects

2 - 7 years ols

learners use words and images to represent objects, imagination to explain events

learners think about concrete objects using thinking skills such as classification and basic reasoning skills

7 - 11 years old

11 - and up

learners think in abstract terms and use inductive and deductive reasoning

learning is a social activity

zone of proximal development

learning happens when children are assisted with tasks that are just a little beyond their ability.

routines

the spiral curriculum

scafolding

teacher should model first and let children follow the model. Also breaking down tasks into smaller easier steps

children gradually assume more control and responsability

children kearn when they are exposed to a subject many times in diffferent ways

5 - 7 year olds

like physical activities

like games

developing motor skills

enjoy singing, chanting, moving

mix up real and imaginary facts

starting to learn how to write, draw, read

prefer structure

have short attention smaps

learning to work in groups

8 - 10 years old

enjoy singingm chanting, role-playins

like video and computer games

take pleasure in sports

like music

have developed motor skills

have reading skills, enjoy reading

differentiate fact and fiction

ask a lot of questions

have longer attention spans

want to belong to a group

11 - 12 year olds

changes in 11 - 12 year olds

social changes

cognitive changes

physycal, social, cognitive and emotional.

they are sensitive to what their peers think

might test teachers authority

think more analytically

more responsable of their own learning

understanding language acquisition

how children learn to speak

first language acquisition

second language aquisition

develop at the same rate they do linguistically, physically, cognitively

the role of input

language use

all children begin before age 1

stages of FLA

communicate befoire talking

produce sounds

are influenced by social environment

first five years

are able to speak quite fluently

acquire some structures when they mature

have mot learned different forms of discourse

chomsky

assumes that all humans have an innate ability for learning languages.

language acquisition devise

other theories

incorporatios

adults' speech with children

formulaic expressions

learning through talk

imitation

children immitate and use language that they hear

children imitate single words and meaningful phrases "i dont kmow" "okay"

children put parts of language together to create their own statements, even if they have never heard these statements before

when adults speak to children, they often simplify their speech and repeat more often.

children practice their language skills everyday as they try to negotiate meaning with the adults and other children around them