understanding how children learn
understanding childhood development theories
understanding different age groups
Different age groups
child development theories
vygotsky
bruner
piaget
4 stages of child development
- preoperational
- concrete operational
- formal operational
- sensorimotor
birth - 2 years old
learning takes place through the senses and manipulation of objects
2 - 7 years ols
learners use words and images to represent objects, imagination to explain events
learners think about concrete objects using thinking skills such as classification and basic reasoning skills
7 - 11 years old
11 - and up
learners think in abstract terms and use inductive and deductive reasoning
learning is a social activity
zone of proximal development
learning happens when children are assisted with tasks that are just a little beyond their ability.
routines
the spiral curriculum
scafolding
teacher should model first and let children follow the model. Also breaking down tasks into smaller easier steps
children gradually assume more control and responsability
children kearn when they are exposed to a subject many times in diffferent ways
5 - 7 year olds
like physical activities
like games
developing motor skills
enjoy singing, chanting, moving
mix up real and imaginary facts
starting to learn how to write, draw, read
prefer structure
have short attention smaps
learning to work in groups
8 - 10 years old
enjoy singingm chanting, role-playins
like video and computer games
take pleasure in sports
like music
have developed motor skills
have reading skills, enjoy reading
differentiate fact and fiction
ask a lot of questions
have longer attention spans
want to belong to a group
11 - 12 year olds
changes in 11 - 12 year olds
social changes
cognitive changes
physycal, social, cognitive and emotional.
they are sensitive to what their peers think
might test teachers authority
think more analytically
more responsable of their own learning
understanding language acquisition
how children learn to speak
first language acquisition
second language aquisition
develop at the same rate they do linguistically, physically, cognitively
the role of input
language use
all children begin before age 1
stages of FLA
communicate befoire talking
produce sounds
are influenced by social environment
first five years
are able to speak quite fluently
acquire some structures when they mature
have mot learned different forms of discourse
chomsky
assumes that all humans have an innate ability for learning languages.
language acquisition devise
other theories
incorporatios
adults' speech with children
formulaic expressions
learning through talk
imitation
children immitate and use language that they hear
children imitate single words and meaningful phrases "i dont kmow" "okay"
children put parts of language together to create their own statements, even if they have never heard these statements before
when adults speak to children, they often simplify their speech and repeat more often.
children practice their language skills everyday as they try to negotiate meaning with the adults and other children around them