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INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCE IN INTELLIGENCE, VARIATION OF INTELLIGENCE-…
INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCE IN INTELLIGENCE
INTERPLAY OF NATURE AND NATURE
EVIDENCES THROUGH EXPERIMENTS
IDENTICAL twins
reared together correlate 0.90
. twins
separated at birth
sharing same characteristics and personality
correlate 0.72
. FRATERNALS TWINS
REARED TOGETHER CORRELATE 0.60
. BROTHER AND SISITER
reared together correlate 0.50
.
bother and sister reared apart
correlate
0.25
in
1921
gave the concept of INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT(iq)
ASSESSMENT OF INTELLIGENCE:
ALFRED BINET AND THEODORE SIMON IN 1951
made the first successful attempt to formally formulate intelligence
these evidences show that
intelligence tends to move closer to that of adoptive parents
gradually and that **"NATURE AND NURTURE ARE INTERDEPENDENT
these evidences also show that factors like proper nutrients , quality schooling increases intelligence.
NATURE SETS THE LIMITS AND NURTURE HELPS US REACH THOSE LIMITS
in 1908 they tgave the concept of
MENTAL AGE
- the intellectual age of a person.
CHRONOLOGICAL AGE
the biological age of a person.
IF THE MENTAL AGE IS MORE THAN THE CHRONOLOGICAL AGE
- then the child or person is a bright child.
IF THE MA IS LESS THAN CA BY 2 YEARS
then the the child is a dull child.(
RETARDATION AS DEFINED BY BINET AND SIMON
)
IQ - the mental age divided by chronological age multiplied by 100.
it is multiplied by 100 to avoid decimal points. IQ = 100 if MA is more than CA.
IQ- less than 100 - CA is more than MA
NORMAL CURVE = FREQUENCY for the IQ scores tends to form a bell shaped curve called normal curve.
people with IQ 90-100 is normal IQ. people with IQ70 and below are
Intellectually disabled
while people with IQ above 130 are intellectually gifted.
mean iQ is 100
VARIATION OF INTELLIGENCE
- INTELLECTUAL DEFICIENCY.
AAMD(
THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF MENTAL DEFICIENCY
) defined Intellectual disability as
"significantly sub-average general intellectual functioning existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behaviour and manifested during the developmental period"
people characterised as intellectually disabled show variations in doing tasks.
the AAMD definition points to three basic features
1):to be judged as intellectually disability- the person must have an IQ below 70-75 to have iq below sub average.
2):the deficits in the adapting behaviour i.e. the person's ability to be independent and deal effectively in an environment.
3):the deficits must be observed during the developmental years 0-18.
ranging from those who can be taught to work with special assistance to those who need lifelong institutional care
ranges of intellectually disabled. 1):
MILD- IQ55 to approximately70
(can function independently and hold jobs and families)
2):
moderate(IQs35-40 to 50-55):they require a little supervision but can be trained in daily tasks.
3):
severe-IQ20-25 TO 30-35)
4): PROFOUND-
(iq 25 and below)**
people with profound and severe disability need proper care and supervision