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The changing economic world There are global variations in economic…
The changing economic world
There are global variations in economic development and quality of life
Different economic and social measures of development
GNI
People per doctor
Access to safe water
HDI
Income and inequality
Levels of education
Life expectancy
Limitations of these measures
Usually only focuses on one type of development
Can be biased / unrepresentative, for example GNI per head doesn't account for inequality or actual standard of living
Can be eurocentric, such as DTM
Death rates are high in developed countries with many old people
Stages of DTM and development
High stationary, Early expanding, Late expanding, Low stationary, Declining
Most countries follow this trend due to changes in health care and access to clean water and food, once the country reaches stage 4 the birth rate has also increased enough to make population growth small
Some countries don't follow this model - eurocentric, new countries, conflict / natural disaster affected countries
Causes of uneven development
Physical
Hot or arid climates - difficult for agriculture
Economic
High levels of debt
Types of product - raw materials are low value exports, and primary sector shouldn't be relied upon (bad harvests, natural disaster etc)
Environmental
Extreme flooding, desertification
Political
Wars / corruption
Colonialism
Consequences of uneven development
Corruption
Reliance on primary sector - imbalance in global trade
Brain Drain as many highly educated leave the area of lower development
Disparities in wealth and health
Average income in UK 40x higher than Chad
Causes of death in LICs are often easily treatable diseases