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The Living World - Coggle Diagram
The Living World
How can rainforests be managed sustainably
International agreements
Paris Cliamte Summit - pledge to replant millions of acres
HICs help financially support LICs so they rely less on deforestation to continue developing
Developing eco-tourism
Selective logging / replanting
Debt reduction
Value of rainforest
Goods
Local foods
Industrial products - rubber, wood (important exports)
Services
Indigeneous tribes
Plants and animals - high biodiversity
Global carbon sink
World's medicine cabinet
25% of all Western pharmaceuticals
A case study of a tropical rainforest
Deforestation : Malaysia CASE STUDY
Causes of Deforestation (REP)
*Road building
Roads are needed
to provide access to mining area, settlements and energy projects
to bring in machinery
export timber
*Energy development (Bakun Dam in Sarawak)
Only began generating in 2011
50 years of delay
Due to controversies surrounding it
Reservoir flooded 700km2 of forest and farmland
Several more planned to provide for industrialised Peninsular Malaysia
*Population pressure
Moving into the countryside (transmigration) used to be heavily promoted to decrease population of rapidly growing cities
15,000 hectares of rain forest felled for settlers to set up plantation from 1950 - 1980
Impacts (SEC)
*Soil erosion
Roots of trees / plants binds soil together
Soil more easily eroded due to deforestation
*Climate change
Transpiration - Trees give off moisture
Deforestation reduces moisture in air
DRIER CLIMATE
Evaporation uses up heat and cools air
Deforestation stops cooling from occuring
TEMPERATURES RISE
Increased CO2 as trees can't absorb
GLOBAL WARMING ACCELERATED
*Economic development
Short term economic gains - Long terms losses
Gains
More jobs
Taxes improve local public services
Transport infrastructure improved
Losses
Water shortages
Pollution of sources
Drier climate
Medically beneficial plants may go extinct
Deforestation is the deliberate and often permanent cutting down of trees, often on a very large scale
An example of a small scale UK ecosystem (Epping Forest)