The Decline of Islamic Science, 12PM Section Group 8
External factors
Internal factors
The lack of institutionalization of the culture of science
The absence of real universities or institutions of higher education
A social chasm between the elite and the lay culture
The Mongols invaded and destroyed Baghdad
The European reconquest of Al Andulus
The rise of the orthodox theology after Ghazali
Shrinking and loss of power of Muslim empires such as the Ottomans
There was lesser commercial dominance in the East as Western countries became more advanced
The destruction of libraries and countless manuscripts and objects of knowledge and learning
Conflicts between religious and scientific scholars
The absence of communities and centers of
science
There were no significant networks for scholars, new minds were often brought on in apprenticeship, which minimised the widespread of knowledge
There was a large focus on religious education rather than science or philosophy.
Tartar army of Tamerlane demolished Isfahan and Baghdad one more time
The crusades shrunk the sphere of Muslim influence
Fall of Cordoba and Seville in 1236 and 1248
After 1248, only small regions of Spain remained Muslim. Knowledge hubs like Toledo were now European.