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Rheumatoid Arthritis - Coggle Diagram
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Symptoms
Fatigue
Anorexia
Weight loss
Generalized aches and stiffness
Low grade fever
Neck pain
Joint instability
Rheumatoid Nodules
Complications
Splenomegaly
Anemia
Vasculitis
Ulnar deviation
Eye lesions
Lymphadenopathy
Ankylosis
Stretched ligaments, overuse of tendon and muscle, subluxation
Collaborative Treatment
Pharmacological
Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD)
Early treatment to prevent joint degeneration through modifying T-cell pathways
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects
Corticosteroids
Alleviates discomfort through reducing inflammation; interferes with multiple immune pathways
Surgery
Synovectomy
Education about disease and treatment
Long term adherence
Exercise
Frequent rest
Risk Factors
Family History/Genetic Component
Female greater risk
Increasing age >65
Cigarette smoking
Pathophysiology/Causes
Research unclear about exact causes
Pathogenesis generally linked to genetic component causing inflammation
Immune mediated response to inflammation releases lysosomal enzymes that destroy joint cartilage and further inflames the site
Hyperplasia of synovial cells and subsynovial tissues
Progressive development of destructive vascular granulation tissue (pannus) between bone and synovial membrane causes joint degeneration, reduced mobility, and ankylosis (separation between bone and joint)
Capillary permeability secondary to inflammatory response causes swelling
Local perfusion changes including vasodilation and increased blood flow
Labs/Diagnostics
Patient must score 6/10 points in criteria categories for RA diagnosis
Patients reported symptoms, severity, and duration
Health and family history
Physical assessment of systemic manifestations, joint involvement, serology, and acute phase reactants
Blood test: anemia and elevated ESR