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Autonomic Nervous System (ANS), Also called the thoracolumbar division…
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
Parasmpathetic Division
Preganglionic neurons
originate in the brain and in the sacral level
send axons to the ganglia located in or near the effector organs
originate in the midbrain, pons, medula oblongata
Postganglionic neurons
cholinergic and use acetylcholine as their neurotransmitter
terminal ganglia
supply the postganglionic fibers that synapse with the effector cells
located in ciliary ganglion, pterygopalatine and submandibular ganglia, otic ganglion
Muscarinic
contracts pupil using the circular muscle
decreases heart rate using the sinoatrial node
bronchoconstriction. bronchiolar smooth muscle
contracts smooth muscle walls
relaxes sphincters in smooth muscles
stimulates secretion in smooth muscles
contracts bladder wall
relaxes urethral sphincters
erection of the penis
Sympathetic Division.
Preganglionic neurons
originate in the thoracic and lumbar levels of the spinal cord
send axons to sympathetic ganglia
Collateral Ganglia
fivers in the spankchnic nerves synapse in the collateral ganglia, prevertebral, and ganglia.
those include the celiac, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric ganglia.
Postganglionic neurons
adrenergic and use norepinephrine
Collateral Ganglia
in the digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems
sweat glands release acetylcholine for the activation of muscarinic receptors
fibers found in cervical ganglia, T1-T5, T9-T12
a1 - Adrenergic
short-term constriction
dilates pupil (eye)
constricts the sphincters in the intestines
inhibits myenteric plexus in the intestines
contracts the urethral sphincter
ejaculates the penis
contracts the uterus during pregnancy
contracts the pilomotor smooth muscle (skin)
increases apocrine in palms causing sweat
a2 - Adrenergic
hypertension, raises blood pressure and improves male sexual functions
intestinal secretion
b1 - Adrenergic
increases heart rate.
vasoconstriction
b2 - Adrenergic
relaxes skeletal muscle vessels
relates bronchiolar smooth muscles
relaxes smooth muscle walls
relaxes bladder wall
relaxes uterus when pregnant
Muscarinic Cholinergic
relaxes skeletal muscle vessels
ACh activates G-Proteins coupled receptor, opening channels for the K+
increases thermoregulatory in the skins sweat glands
Also called the thoracolumbar division because of its preganglionic fibers in the spinal cord.
Also known as the craniosacral division because the preganglionic fibers are in the brain