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Famous schools of thought , definition of psychology, the study of…
Famous schools of thought
Psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud
One of the most tremendously influential and controversial thinkers of his time
Began his medical career at a Viennese hospital
He started his own practice, specializing in nervous disorders
(1886)
Josef Breuer
his colleague Freud
treated a patient with speech therapy
Freud after this discovery encouraged his patients to talk freely about whatever came to mind,to free associate
That mental disorders could be healed through talk therapy and self-discovery
The Interpretation of Dreams
(1900)
his theory of psychoanalysis
the theory that our personalities are shaped by unconscious motives
that the unconscious, literally the thing below consciousness, was still discoverable
Used dreams, projections and free association to root out repressed feelings and and gain self-insight
Structuralism
Wilhelm Wundt
The first
psychological laboratory
at the University of
Leipzig
(1879, in Germany)
Principles of Physiological Psychology
( the first true psychology textbook)
Edward Bradford Titchener
it became too subjective because of introspection
Functionalism
William James
The Principles of Psychology
(1890)
Defining psychology as the science of mental life
Focusing on why we think and feel and smell and lick and more
function of behavior
Charles Darwin
Based on Charles Darwin's idea that adaptive behaviors are conserved throughout the evolutionary process
Behaviorism
first half of the 20th century
Ivan Pavlov
John B. Watson
B. F. Skinner
Focused on the study of observable behavior
Behavior of Organisms
definition of psychology, the study of behavior and mental processes
that psychology is an integrative science
the human brain is by far the most complex physical object known to us in the entire cosmos
