GLOBAL E-BUSINESS AND COLLABORATION
Business process & information systems
Business process: Collection of activities required to produce a product/service. These activities are supported by flows of material, info, and knowledge among the participants in business processes
Performance of business depends on how well its business processes are designed and coordinated
- Many business processes are tied to a specific functional area
- Other business processes cross many different functional areas and require coordination across dept
Examples of functional business processes
By analyzing business processes, we can achieve a clear understanding of how a business actually works and begin to understand how to improve business process to make it more efficient/effective
New tech makes it possible for more people to access and share info, replacing sequential steps with tasks that can be performed simultaneously, and eliminating delays in decision-making
How systems serve and improve business
Systems for different management groups
Transaction processing systems (TCP): Performs and records the daily routine transactions necessary to conduct business, e.g. sales order entry, hotel reservations, payroll
Purpose: Answer routine questions and track flow of transactions
Systems for business intelligence
Business intelligence: Data and software tools for organizing, analyzing, and providing access to data to help managers and other enterprise users make more informed decisions
Management information systems (MIS): Provide answers to routine questions that have been specified in advance and have a predefined procedure for answering them
Decision-support systems (DSS): Focuses on problems that are unique and rapidly changing, for which the procedure for arriving at a solution may not be fully predefined in advance
Executive support systems (ESS): Address nonroutine decisions requiring judgment, evaluation, and insight because there is no agreed-on procedure for arriving at a solution
Systems for linking the enterprise
Enterprise applications: Systems that span functional areas, focus on executing business processes across the business firm, and include all levels of management
Enterprise systems aka enterprise resource planning (ERP): Integrate business processes in manufacturing and production, finance and accounting, sales and marketing, and human resources into a single software system
Supply chain management (SCM) systems: Help manage relationships with their suppliers. Ultimate objective: Get the right amount of products from the source to the point of consumption in the least amount of time and at the lowest cost
Customer relationship management (CRM) systems: Help manage relationships with customers by providing info to coordinate all of the business processes that deal with customers to optimize revenue, customer satisfaction, and customer retention
Knowledge management systems (KMS): Enable org to better manage processes for capturing and applying knowledge and expertise. KMS collect relevant knowledge and experience in the firm incl. from external sources and make it available wherever whenever
- Intranets: Internal company websites that are accessible only by employees
- Extranets: Company websites that are accessible to authorized vendors and suppliers and are often used to coordinate the movement of supplies to the firm's prod apparatus
E-business, e-commerce, and e-government
Electronic business: The use of digital technology and the internet to execute major business processes in the enterprise, incl. e-commerce
Electronic commerce: Deals with the buying and selling of goods and services over the internet, incl. advertising, marketing, cust support, security, delivery, and payment
E-government: Application of the internet and networking technologies to digitally enable gov't and public sector agencies' relationships with citizens, business, and other arms of gov't
Collaboration and social business
Collaboration
Definition: Working with others to achieve shared and explicit goals. It can be short-lived, lasting a few minutes, or longer terms. It can be one-to-one or many-to-many
Teams have a specific mission that someone in the business assigned to them. Team members need to collaborate on the accomplishment of specific tasks and collectively achieve the team mission
Importance
Changing nature of work. Today, jobs require much closer coordination and interaction among the parties involved in producing the service or product
Growth of professional work. Each actor on the job brings specialized expertise to the problem, and all the actors need to take one another into account in order to accomplish the job
Changing organization of the firm. Work is organized into groups and teams, and the members are expected to develop their own methods for accomplishing the task
Changing scope of the firm. The work of the firm has changed from a single location to multiple locations
Emphasis on innovation. Innovation is a group and social process and most innovations derive from collaboration among individuals
Changing culture of work and business. Diverse teams produce better outputs faster than individuals working on their own
Role of IS functions in business
Social business
Goal: Deepen interactions with groups inside and outside the firm to expedite and enhance information sharing, innovation, and decision making
If firms could tune into the conversations that consumers, suppliers, and employees have, they would strengthen their bonds with these parties to increase the emotional involvement in the firm
Benefits
Productivity. People working together can capture expert knowledge and solve problems quicker
Quality. Collaboration allows people to communicate errors and corrective actions faster
Innovation. People working collaboratively can come up with more innovative ideas
Customer service. Solve customer complaints and issues faster
Financial performance. As a result of the above, collaborative firms have superior financial performance
Building collaborative business culture & business process
Senior managers are responsible for achieving results but rely on teams of employees to achieve and implement results
Teams are rewarded for their performance, individuals are rewarded for the performance in a teams
Function of middle managers is to build teams, coordinate their work, and monitor their performance
Tools and technologies
Email & IM
Wikis
Virtual worlds: Used for meetings, interviews, guest speaker events, employee training
Platforms
Virtual meeting systems
Cloud collaboration services
Microsoft SharePoint and IBM Notes
Enterprise social networking tools: Connects members of org through profiles, updates, and notifications tailored to internal corporate uses
Information systems dept: Responsible for maintaining hardware, software, data storage, & networks
Programmers: Highly trained technical specialists who write software instructions for computers
Systems analysts: Liaisons between IS groups and the rest of the org; translate biz problems and requirements into info requirements and systems
IS managers: Leaders of teams of programmers and analysts, PM, physical facility managers, telcom managers, database specialists
Chief info officer: Oversees use of IT in firm; strong biz bg + IS expertise
Chief security officer: In charge of IS security, enforcing firm's information security policy
Chief privacy officer: Ensuring company complies with existing data privacy laws
Chief knowledge officer: Helps designs programs & systems to find new sources of knowledge/make better use of existing knowledge in org
Chief data officer: Responsible for enterprise-wide governance & utilization of info to maximize value
End users: Rep of depts outside of IS group for whom app are developed
Fadhila Abidah
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