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2.1 Approaches - Coggle Diagram

- - - - WEAKNESS - lacks validity as fMRI scanners only show up areas that correlate with cognitive function. This does not prove causation as there may be other areas of the brain involved that we can't see especially in higher cognitive tasks such as decision making
      - STRENGTH - Real life application.
        fMRI scans can be used to treat addiction:
        
        by using this equipment they can observe which part of the brain is used when an addict has a craving
        
        then we can help the addict suppress this craving and see which area of the brain is used to resist temptation. once it has been used once she can practice this and therefore strengthen this neural pathway allowing it to become easier to resist cravings in the future
        
        therefore cognitive neuroscience is able to be applied to help individuals recover from addiction and in turn help to reduce crime.
      - STRENGTH - empirical evidence
        
        better than making inferences as you can observe what you are measuring
- - - - Oedipus/ Electra complex = In competition with same sex parent to win affection from opposite sex parent. Only way to overcome it is to bond with the same sex parent realising they are not a threat
  - - - Ego - reality principle
    - - Id - pleasure principle
      - Superego - morality principle
- - - - Classical conditioning
      - Operant conditioning
  - - - modelling = copying and imitating behaviour
      - Mediational (cognitive) processes play important role in learning
        
        performance depends on
        
        Motivation = wanting to perform the behaviour
        
        Motor reproduction = being able to do it
        
        learning depends on
        
        Rentention = whether behaviour is remembered
        
        Attention = whether behaviour is noticed
      - Vicarious reinforcement = learning related to consequences of behaviour
      - Identification with role models is an important factor in learning = children more likely to imitate behaviour of ppl they identify with. These role models usually similar to them, tend to be attractive and have a high status.
      - Bandura's research: Imitation of Aggression Bobo Doll Study.
        
        children watch adult either behave aggressively towards Bobo Dolls or behave non aggressively = children who had seen aggression were more aggressive with the doll
        
        children saw an adult rewarded or punished or neither = children who saw aggression rewarded were more aggressive
        
        study suggests that:
        
        children are more likely to imitate (model) acts of violence if observe it in an adult ( identification with role model)
        
        also modelling aggressive behaviour is more likely if that behaviour is seen to be rewarded (vicarious reinforcement)
    - - WEAKNESS = rely too heavily on evidence from lab studies
      - STRENGTH =
      - STRENGTH = SLT emphasises cognitive factors in learning - more complete explanation
      - WEAKNESS =