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issues causing tension before 1930 - Coggle Diagram
issues causing tension before 1930
Ecoomic issues
Rural poverty
(wealthy landlords VS laborers, industrial workers)
rural workers had to migrate to find work and the majority lived in gruelling poverty : :
Vast landed estates, owned by the ‘Grandees’, the elite group
no financial security and unemployment was common for labourers
one-crop farming, only representing 200day to work per year due to the seasonal cropping
low wages
Rural unrest led organize strikes and demonstrations against landlords :
Union General de Trabajadores (UGT),
anarcho-syndicalist Confederacion Nacional del Trabajo (CNT)
caused serious divisions between left- and right-wing politicians
economical gap between North and South
urban poverty
Although some areas of the north had industrialized there had been a lack of reform and investment
rural poor, had a low standard of living due to low wages, long hours, unregulated working conditions, poor housing, and limited or no welfare provision
No minimum wage, no minimum working hours or protection from dangerous working conditions
led growth of trade unions,
strikes and social revolution
industrial workers housed in slums where rents were high and living conditions is insanitary
Dictatorship of
Primo de Rivera
Reform
Result
alienating both reformers and conservative elites who resented the increased financial burden
not necessary to resolve Spain's serious socioeconomic problems
Proposals to reform the army and a reduction of the army budget
Arbitration committees to manage disputes between industrial workers and their employers
Government investment in a programme of public works to increase job opportunities.
Miguel Primo de Rivera
, a military official who promised to end the unrest in Spain however, he was unable to heal the deep division in Spanish society
He came to power as the result of a military coup. He established himself as a dictator
Primo de Rivera became increasingly unpopular, prompting King Alfonso XIII to request his retirement.
Primo de Rivera stepped down on 28 January 1930
Political instability
Separatism
Basque
Example:
Partido Nacionalista Vasco
Catolonia
Separatists pointed out that only one-twentieth of Catalan contributions to state revenue were returned in public spending in the regions
Example:
Lliga Regionalista
Reagionalism
The centralist state opposed the demands for autonomy from Catalonia and the Basque regions, which wanted decentralization and independence.
Significant: Catalonia and the Basque industrial state
Collapse of the monarchy
Until 1923, Spain was governed by a constitutional monarchy, although matters of government were carried out by the elected corted or parliament. Despite the operation of universal make suffrage was not really democratic since the election was strongly influenced by local caciques.
Political system was unpopular because it failed to introduce reforms to improve their lives. As the protests increased, political right turned to Miguel Primo de Rivera, a military official