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cell structure - Coggle Diagram
cell structure
cell wall
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secondary cell wall: produced on the inner side of the primary wall, thicker and strengthened with lignin
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nucleus
nuclear envelope: double lipid bilayer. has nuclear pores with transporter proteins that pass certain molecules into the nucleus.
nucleoplasm = the fluid inside this membrane
has nucleoli made of RNA and proteins, where ribosomes are made
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endoplasmic reticulum
ribosomes can be attached to the rough ER or free-floating in the cell. they fold proteins, sometimes in long chains working together
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rough ER: has ribosomes and is involved in making special proteins
smooth ER: no ribosomes and makes lipids
plastids
chloroplasts: full of stroma (the liquid) and grana ('stacks') of thylakoids (coin-shaped membranes) which are where chlorophyll does photosynthesis
chromoplasts: these guys process carotenoid pigments and are usually red to yellow, like in peppers and carrots.
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vacuoles
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filled with cell sap plus a variety of soluble substances, including ions and proteins.
plasma membrane
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good ol' phospholipid bilayer! usually pressed up against the cell wall when the cell is full, but it can curl up on itself and pop off little mini membrane bubbles into the cell - vesicles
dictyosomes
these modify, package, and ship out proteins from the ER plus making polysaccharides
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mitochondria
where the cellular respiration happens, hell yeah
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microbodies
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examples: peroxisomes, glyoxisomes
cytoskeleton
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microfilaments help move cell contents around (cytoplasmic streaming) which helps distribute materials between cells