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Learning Theories - Coggle Diagram
Learning Theories
Constructivism
View of Knowledge
Knowledge is constructed by the learner. Since everyone has unique experiences and perceptions, learning is unique for each person.Individuals;
- experience life differently
- have different point of view
-have different interpretation and construction of knowledge process
View of Learning
Learning should be interactive to promote higher level of understanding. interacting with other learners allow people share and challenge ideas. A collaborative learning approach encourages theories and ideas to be discussed with and build upon by fellow learners.
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Information Instruction
Learners build knew knowledge upon the foundation of previous learning and by discovering connections between different ideas and areas of knowledge. Educators should be able to relate previous topics with current topics to helps learners connect the dots and this will create a new idea or perceptions of that particular topic.
Cognitivism
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View of Learning
Explicit Learning
It happens when you intentionally seek knowledge to attempt and learn a new skill or process that may be vital to your work. It requires you to be attentive and take action to acquire knowledge.
Implicit Learning
Sometimes you passively gain new knowledge and learn some new skills. It is known as implicit learning, where you are unaware of the entire process until you realize you have retained something new. This type of learning may occur when you are working, talking, or going about your normal life.
Meaningful Learning
Meaningful learning is when you are capable of acquiring new information and relating it to past experiences. This is because this cognitive learning approach teaches employees to build transferable problem-solving skills that can be applied in other areas.
Receptive Learning
Lectures where you sit in groups and a speaker feeds the audience with information on a specific subject is an example of receptive learning. It requires the learner to be active by asking questions and taking down short notes.
Observation Learning
One of the significant components of the social cognitive theory is observational learning. It is handy among employees since it mainly involves imitation of skills from colleagues and superiors.
View of Knowledge
Comprehension
For cognitive learning to be efficient and benefit you, understand the reason why you are learning a specific subject in the first place.*
Memory
Cognitive learning discourages cramming of information, which is very ineffective in education. Having a deep understanding of a subject improves your ability to relate new knowledge with previous experiences or information.
Application
Cognitive learning strategies help you apply new information or skills in life situations. They encourage you as you continue to develop problem-solving skills.
Information Instruction
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Provide examples or practical tasks that show how new information or principles can connect with previous knowledge, or enhance it.
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Behaviourism
View of Knowledge
During the first part of the classical conditioning process, known as acquisition, a response is established and strengthened. Factors such as the prominence of the stimuli and the timing of presentation can play an important role in how quickly an association is formed.
Behaviorist B.F. Skinner described operant conditioning as the process in which learning can occur through reinforcement and punishment.5 More specifically, by forming an association between a certain behavior and the consequences of that behavior, you learn.
View of Learning
Classical conditioning is a technique frequently used in behavioral training in which a neutral stimulus is paired with a naturally occurring stimulus. Eventually, the neutral stimulus comes to evoke the same response as the naturally occurring stimulus, even without the naturally occurring stimulus presenting itself.
Operant conditioning (sometimes referred to as instrumental conditioning) is a method of learning that occurs through reinforcements and punishments. Through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior.
Information instruction
Continuous reinforcement involves rewarding every single instance of a behavior. It is often utilized at the beginning of the operant conditioning process. But as the behavior is learned, the schedule might switch to one of partial reinforcement.
Partial reinforcement involves offering a reward after a number of responses or after a period of time has elapsed. Sometimes, partial reinforcement occurs on a consistent or fixed schedule. In other instances, a variable and an unpredictable number of responses or time must occur before the reinforcement is delivered.
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