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Tissues and Primary Growth of the Stems - Coggle Diagram
Tissues and Primary Growth of the Stems
Stem growth and differentiation
Apical Meristem
Protoderm
Epidermis
Cork cambium
Cork
Phelloderm
Pro vascular tissue
Primary Phloem
Vascular cambium
secondary xylem
secondary phloem
Primary xylem
Cell division by mitosis and cytokinesis
Ground meristem
Pith
interfascular cambium
Cortex
Cork cambium
Sub apical meristem
elongation and differentiation
protoxylem
visible differentiate begin
metaxylem
longest time for growth before differentiation
External organization of stem
leaf
node
Phyllotaxy
decussate phyllotaxy
disitchous phyllotaxy
spiral phyllotaxy
alternate phyllotaxy
arrangement of the leaves in the stem
whorled phyllotaxy
internode
Shoots
Vines
Long internode
asparagus
wide internodes
Sprouts
lettuce cabbage
Bulbs
coms
crocus
thick stems with peppery leaves
terminal bud
Internal organization of stems
Cortex
aerenchyma cells
open tissues with large intercellular space
in fleshy stems
compact and tightly packed cells in most plants
interior of epidermis
contains photosynthetic parenchyma
Vascular tissues
Xylem
Phloem
Epidermis
one single layer of parenchyma
stoma
Outermost layer of the cell
protects from overheating in bright sunlight
prevents water loss in plants
trichomes
Types of tissues and cells
Collenchyma cells
layer under epidermis or band next to vascular bundles
image
in shoot of vining plants
primary cell wall
primary cell call
require more glucose for the production
ability to form and deform by pressure and tension
thin in some areas
found in short tips and petioles
Sclerenchyma cells
conducting sclerenchyma
vessel elements
tracheids
mechanical sclerenchyma
short sclereids
inflexible and brittle
mass forms
long fibers
more flexible
found in wood in most of the plants
found where strength and flexibility is required
Cell wall
Primary cell wall is thin and secondary is thick
elastic deforms to its original state if pressure is released
Parenchyma cells
Transfer cells
increases surface area
used for short distance transportation
contains numerous molecular pumps
Thin primary cell wall
Chlorenchyma cells
involves in photosynthesis
thin cell wall
Some die at maturity to function
Glandular cells
secretion oncludes oil, nectar, mucilage, fragrance, and resins
contains large amount of dictysomes and endoplasmic reticulum
metabolize sugars and mineral