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International Institutions - Coggle Diagram
International Institutions
UNHRC
Positives
Fairly representative of the General Assembly
No special privileges for more developed countries like IMF and World Bank
Universal Periodic Review - the collaboration that happens during this process
functioning better than its predeccessor i.e UN commission on HR
Has investigated and strongly condemned the violations of various human rights in several countries, such as violations of human rights in Israel, Syria, Cambodia
Criticism
Not all UN members states have served as its members. only 117 out of 193 served as memebers
Several of its members are in violation of its proclaimed aims. Eg - One party system of China and anti gay policies of Russia
ILO
intro
Recommendations are non-binding guidelines
Functions
ensures cooperation to obtain similarity of working conditions in countries competing for makets
Devoted to promote social justice and promoting internationally recognised human and labour rights
sets labour standards
develop policies and devise programmes promoting decent work for all men and women
Conventions
8 Fundamental Conventions
Worst Form of Child Labour, No. - 182 R by India
Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957(No. 105) - R by India
Freedom of Association and Protection of the right to Organise Convention,1948 (No. 87) - Not Ratified by India
Discrimination(Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (No. 111) R by India
Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949 (No. 98) - Not Ratified by India
Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138) - R by India
Forced Labour Convention, 1930(N0. 29) - Ratified by India
Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951 (No. 100) - R by India
Provisions
Initiation of complaint procedures against countries for violation of a ratified convention
Ratifying countries apply conventions in national laws and report on its application
Legally binding international treaties that may be ratified by the member states
UN
UN peace keeping mission
intro
to resolve conflict and maintain peace
Advantages of UN
legitimacy
burden sharing
ability to deploy troops and police from around world
3 basic principles
consent of parties
deploying pkm with consent of main parties to conflict
Impartiality
non - use of force
except in
self defence
defence of mandate
not an enforcement tool - use of force with UNSC's authorisation
UN - no standing army or police force of its own
military and police personnel contributes by member states
integrates force with civilian peacekeepers to address the mandates set by UNSC and General Assembly
Procedure
when conflict worsens, UN - consultations with members, regional org, UN actors
UN secretariat deploys a technical assessment mission submits report to UNSC
UNSC formally authorise peace operation, by adopting a resolution
2019 data
out of 95 k peacekeepers
women
10.8 % of police units
4.7% of military contingents
top contributors
Bangladesh, Ethopia, Rwanda, Nepal ,India
funding
top contributors
US>China>Japan, India - only 0.16% of peacekeeping budget
A- 17 UN charter - Every member state - legally binding to pay respective share
India - 5th most contributor - of trroops