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Pre- twentieth-century trends :<3: - Coggle Diagram
Pre- twentieth-century trends :<3:
two types of approach
getting learners to use language; to speak and understand
analyze the language ; grammar
Vernaculars: paid attention to oral ability, rather than written tradition: French and German
Examples: Use imitation rather than rules; have ur students repeat after you,limited vocabulary initially,help your students with reading and speaking,use pictures
Inductive approach: teach by exposure,rather than rules; focus was to use L2 rather than teach analysis
Grammar-translation approach
Instruction is given in L1;little use of L2 for communication;focus is to forms and inflections;reading of different texts;translate from L2 to : L1;students are unable to use the language;teacher doesnt have to be a fluent speaker of L2 :recycle:
Direct method
focus was to use the language,not analyse;
No use of mother tongue is permitted
start a class with dialogues and anecdotes
use actions and pictures
grammar is taught inductively; repeated exposure to language use ,not through rules and forms
literary texts are read for pleasure , not analyzed grammatically
target culture is taught inductively
teacher must be a native speaker or native like proficiency
Reform-movement :star:
transcription system
Spoken form of language is more important and should be taught firstly
findings of phonetics should be applied to language teaching
language teachers should have solid knowledge in phonetics
learners should be given basic phonetic training to form good speech
this method had been ignored by grammar - translation method