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Jim Crow Laws & Segregation, Free Citizens Vote, The Fight for Equal…
Jim Crow Laws & Segregation
(Race) *Racial Segregation in the United States
Housing Segregation: As a part of the segregation movement, some cities added zoning laws that didn't allow black families to move into white dominant blocks.
Racial Segregation was directed mostly at the African Americans, but other groups of people were also segregated such as:
American Indians were forced to live on reservations & weren't considered "citizens" until 1924.
Chinese-Americans: The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 provided an absolute 10 year moratorium (halt) on Chinese labor immigration.
The segregation of children in public schools was ended by the Supreme Court as unconstitutional in 1954 with the court case: Brown v. The Board of Education. This happened after a 7 year old girl was rejected from all white schools.
To this today, there are still some situations with racial segregation & injustices.
Civil Rights Movement
On August 6th of 1965, President Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act. This law banned all voter literacy tests & provided federal examiners.
The civil rights movement was a struggle for social justice that took place during the 1950s & 1960s for African Americans to gain equal rights under the law in the United States.
On September 3, 1957, 9 black students known as the "Little Rock Nine" arrived at Central High School to begin classes but instead they were met by the Arkansas National Guard & a screaming, threatening mob of people.
The most famous event of the civil rights movement was on August 28, 1963 the "March on Washington". It was planned by important civil rights leaders: A. Philip Randolph, Bayard Rustin, & Martin Luther King Jr.
Jim Crow Laws & Black Codes
In 1896, The Supreme Court ruled in Plessy vs. Ferguson was constitutional. The ruling had created the idea of "separate but equal". This discriminations legal in many U.S. states & communities from 1877 - 1965.
Jim Crow Laws were segregation laws which demanded for separate facilities for white & colored (black) people. (ex: schools, libraries, & transportation)
Black Codes: Southern states adopted Black Codes after the Civil War to limit the economic and physical freedom of former slaves. These "codes" were later ended by the 14th amendment.
Amendments Made to the U.S. Constitution
13th Amendment
Banned Slavery in the United States & in all of its territories.
14th Amendment
Granted Citizenship to all people in the United States & granted them equal protection under the law.
15th Amendment
Ensured that all male citizens have the right to vote regardless of race, color, or previous condition of servitude (former slave)
Who Was Jim Crow?
Dartmouth began to later bring on the Jim Crow persona, by using blackface & performing shows with a slave dialect.
In the early 1830s, a white actor named Thomas Dartmouth "Daddy" Rice, was led to stardom as he began minstrels routines as a fictional character, Jim Crow.
Jim Crow's popularity started to die down but the late 19th century came by & the short phrase found a new use for anti-black laws that were put after the end of Reconstruction.
"Jim Crow Laws" (new phrase)
Important People
Thurgood Marshall (1908 - 1993): He was an American lawyer who was appointed as an associate judge of the Supreme Court in 1967. He was the first African American to hold the position and he served for a total of 24 years until 1991.
Martin Luther King Jr. (1929 - 1968): He was a scholar and minister who led the civil rights movement. On August 28th of 1963, the historic March of Washington drew more than 200,000 people . It was where he gave his famous "I HAVE A DREAM SPEECH".
Rosa Parks (1913 - 2005): She was a civil rights leader who refused to give up her seat to a white passenger on a segregated bus, which led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott.
Malcolm X (1925 - 1965): He was a minister, human rights activist, & a Black nationalist leader who served as a spokesman for the Nation of Islam during the 1950s & 1960s.
Free Citizens Vote
The Fight for Equal Rights!
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Racial Segregation: is the separation of people into racial or ethnic groups in daily life.
S T O P
88 years of legal discrimination!
"separate but equal"
"I AIN'T MOVING"
