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Immune System Components and Functions - Coggle Diagram
Immune System Components and Functions
Lymphoid tissue
defend the body against infections.
Primary Lymphoid Tissues
Examples
Thymus
Bone marrow
Nurture lymphocytes development
Secondary Lymphoid Tissues
Examples
Lymph node
Spleen
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
NALT (nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue)
BALT (bronchi-associated lymphoid tissue)
GALT (gut-associated lymphoid tissue)
SALT (skin- associated lymphoid tissue)
Lymphocyte maturation
Lymphocyte survival
Lymphocyte activation
Protect body from spreading of tumours.
Leucocytes
Agranulocytes
Monocytes (Largest)
Dendritic cells
capture, process and present antigens to adaptive immune cells
Macrophages
present antigen to T cells
release cytokines to initiate inflammation responses
phagocytosis and destroy dead cells
combat infections
secrete interleukin-1
Respond to signals from T lymphocytes
Tissue repair
Anti-inflammatory effects
Protection against parasite
Lymphocytes (Smallest)
Natural Killer Cells (NK)
kill target cells by antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity if the cells have been tagged by antibodies.
involved in the elimination of tumors and microbe-infected cells
recognize and attack cells that are a danger to the host.
Apoptosis
releasing cytokines and chemokines that promote an inflammatory immune response
natural cytotoxicity against tumor cells
defense against tumors (intercept and kill cancer cells before they can metastasize to distant sites in the body)
During the early stages of a viral infection, NK cells are the primary effector cells
host defense against tumors and viruses and other infectious diseases
T Cells
Mature in thymus
Control viral infection
Differentiate into either T cytotoxic (Tc) or T helper (Th)
Tc cells
destroy cancer cells
Immune cell activation by antigen (Helper CD4+ cells become activated when they are presented with peptide antigens by MHC Class II molecule)
Th cells that have Th-1 and Th-2
B Cells
Differentiate into plasma cells for the production of antibodies
Mature in bone marrow
internalize antigen that binds to their B cell receptor and present it to helper T cells
Granulocytes
Eosinophils
Defense
Parasitic infections
Intracellular bacteria
Reduce allergic reaction and inflammation
Dissolve blood clots
Major basic protein binds to heparin
Neutralise it's anticoagulant activity
Basophils
Activation of signaling cascades
Degranulation
Immune cell activation by pathogen
Production of cytokines
Chemotaxis
Pathogen removal
Allergic response
Produce in bone narrow
Neutrophils
Protect against parasite
Release lysozyme which destroys bacteria
Prevent infections by block, disabling, digesting, or wading off invading particles and microorganisms
Fastest response and direct actions against bacteria
Communicate with other cells to help repair cell
Numerous, Largest amount in body
Mount a proper immune response
Chemotaxis
Phagocytoxis (Trap & Phagocytize foreign substance and cellular debris)
Release defensing protein act like antibiotics and poke hole in bacterial cell wall destroy them
Function of Leucocytes
Produce antibodies
destroy infectious agent and cancer cell
defend the body against
Virus
Bacterium
Fungus
Toxin
Phagocytosis
Done by (Group 4 ) :Natalie Low Pei Xuan (70690), Wong Ho Lin (68851), Esther Jeffry Jalan (68219), Dayang Rohaizah binti Abang Rammand (72185), Nurul Aina Syafiqah binti Tamizi (72605), and Nur Izdihar binti Abdul Rahman (72542)